Deck 35: B: Employment Discrimination

Question 1

A plaintiff alleging wage discrimination must file a complaint within a certain period of time of the decision that set the discriminatory pay.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

An employer may defend against a claim of unintentional discrimination by asserting that a practice that has a discriminatory effect is a busi?ness necessity.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Disparate-impact discrimination occurs when a protected group of peo?ple is adversely affected by an employer's practices,even though they do not appear to be discriminatory.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Protection against retaliation under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not extend to an employee who speaks out about discrimination on his or her own initiative.

Question 5

An employer's discrimination against job applicants or employees on cer?tain grounds may violate federal law.

Question 6

Employers who do not accommodate the needs of persons with disabili?ties must demonstrate that the accommodations would cause undue hardship.

Question 7

State employers are not immune from private suits brought by employ?ees under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.

Question 8

Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967,the plaintiff needs to show only that the employer was motivated in part by unlawful discrimination.

Question 9

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not prohibit job discrimination in the hiring process.

Question 10

An employee's resignation must be the foreseeable result of an em?ployer's discriminatory action to support a showing of constructive discharge.

Question 11

Federal law does not prohibit discrimination on the basis of gender in as?sessing an employee's education,training,or experience.

Question 12

Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967,a plaintiff must prove that he or she was replaced by a person "outside the pro?tected class."

Question 13

Employers can consider mitigating measures or medications when de?termining if an individual has a disability that fits the definition in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Question 14

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires that employers ac?commodate the needs of applicants or employees with disabilities who are not otherwise qualified for the work

Question 15

A tangible employment action is a significant change in employment status or benefits.

Question 16

Protection against discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not extend to situations in which individuals are harassed by mem?bers of the same gender.

Question 17

Employers can treat their employees more or less favorably based on their religious beliefs or practices.

Question 18

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not protect against reverse discrimination.

Question 19

Making out a prima facie case of discrimination means that a plaintiff has met his or her initial burden of proof.

Question 20

When the harassment of co-workers creates a hostile working environ?ment,an employee may have a cause of action against the employer.

Question 21

Nina is a Jew and Odell is a college student.Based on this information,members of protected classes include

A)neither Nina nor Odell.
B)Nina and Odell.
C)Nina only.
D)Odell only.

Question 22

Cora,a female,and Dom,a male,are employees of Equipment Leasing Corporation.Cora regularly e-mails sexually explicit images to Dom via Equipment Leasing's computer network.Dom finds this offensive.This is

A)hostile-environment harassment.
B)not harassment or any form of discrimination.
C)quid pro quo harassment.
D)reverse discrimination.

Question 23

Origami Paper Products Corporation meets all of the requirements to be subject to the federal employment discrimination laws.These laws re?strict the ability of employers to discriminate against workers on the basis of

A)experience.
B)gender.
C)intelligence.
D)skill.

Question 24

Jason and Katrina work on the loading dock for Longhaul Transport Company.Jason has a disability.Katrina has seniority.Jason asks for a transfer,which would represent an accommodation for his disability.Longhaul gives the transfer to Katrina on the basis of her seniority.Jason files a suit against Longhaul for discrimination on the basis of his disability.The court is most likely to rule that

A)Katrina's seniority is a good defense.
B)Jason's disability is a sufficient basis for relief.
C)Longhaul's action was a business necessity.
D)Longhaul's action was a reasonable accommodation.

Question 25

Greta is the only female employee in the maintenance department of Hydro Hydraulics Inc.Greta's supervisor and co-workers tease and play tricks on her so relentlessly that she feels compelled to quit.This is

A)a constructive discharge on the basis of gender discrimination.
B)a harassing discharge on the basis of treatment discrimination.
C)a voluntary discharge on the basis of impact discrimination.
D)not a discharge or discrimination.

Question 26

Fact Pattern 35-1A
Erasmus applies for a job at Drain-Pro Plumbing & Repair LLC for which he is well quali?fied.He passes a test to determine which applicants are eligible for hiring,but the employer discards the results,and Erasmus is rejected.Drain-Pro continues to seek applicants.
Refer to Fact Pattern 35-1A.To successfully defend itself against Erasmus's suit,Drain-Pro must articulate

A)a legitimate,nondiscriminatory reason for its action.
B)a mere fear that it would be sued if it used the test results.
C)a pretext for its action.
D)a discriminatory basis for its action.

Question 27

Mona files an employment discrimination suit against Nationwide Distribution Corporation (NDC)under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.If Mona shows that NDC acted with malice or reckless indifference,she may recover

A)an unlimited amount of compensatory and punitive damages.
B)a limited amount of compensatory and punitive damages.
C)neither compensatory nor punitive damages.
D)compensatory or punitive damages,but not both.

Question 28

Olivia applies for a job with Petro Company.Petro does not hire Olivia because of her ethnicity,or national origin.This is

A)reverse discrimination.
B)disparate-impact discrimination.
C)disparate-treatment discrimination.
D)not discrimination.

Question 29

Fact Pattern 35-2A
Beth,who has a disability,is an employee of Corporate Office Company (COC).After the installation of new doors on COC's building,Beth finds it nearly im?possible to get in and out.For repeatedly failing to be on time,COC replaces Beth with Dian,who does not have a disability.
Refer to Fact Pattern 35-2A.To succeed with a claim against COC under the Americans with Disabilities Act,Beth will have to show that

A)Beth consistently met the essential requirements of her job.
B)COC refused to make reasonable accommodation for Beth.
C)Dian is unqualified for Beth's position.
D)the doors were installed as an act of intentional discrimination.

Question 30

Fact Pattern 35-2A
Beth,who has a disability,is an employee of Corporate Office Company (COC).After the installation of new doors on COC's building,Beth finds it nearly im?possible to get in and out.For repeatedly failing to be on time,COC replaces Beth with Dian,who does not have a disability.
Refer to Fact Pattern 35-2A.To successfully defend against Beth's claim,COC will have to show that

A)Beth consistently failed to meet the essential requirements of her job.
B)COC cannot make changes to the doors without undue hardship.
C)Dian is qualified for Beth's position.
D)the doors were not installed as an act of intentional discrimination.

Question 31

Pikabo files an employment discrimination suit against Quantitative Analysis,Inc. ,under the Civil Rights Act of 1964,based on its discharge of Pikabo.Possible relief includes

A)imprisonment.
B)reinstatement.
C)fines.
D)an order to shutdown the employer's business.

Question 32

Conrad and Delilah are employees of AgriBio Feed & Seed Corporation.Under the Equal Pay Act of 1963,AgriBio can legitimately pay different wages on the basis of

A)seniority.
B)job descriptions.
C)substantial equality of skill,effort,and responsibility.
D)gender.

Question 33

United Company replaces Vera,a forty-five-year-old employee,with Wendy.Vera files a suit against United under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.To establish a prima facie case,Vera must show,among other things,that she is

A)deserving of higher pay than Wendy.
B)generally more dependable than Wendy.
C)older than Wendy.
D)qualified for the position.

Question 34

Dakota believes that Credit Services Corporation (CSC)has dis?crimi?nated against her on the basis of gender.She files a suit against CSC under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.To es?tablish a prima facie case of em?ployment discrimi?nation,Dakota must show that

A)she is a member of a protected class.
B)CSC has no legal defenses against the claim.
C)discriminatory intent motivated CSC's act.
D)no other firm in CSC's industry has committed a discriminatory act.

Question 35

Fact Pattern 35-1A
Erasmus applies for a job at Drain-Pro Plumbing & Repair LLC for which he is well quali?fied.He passes a test to determine which applicants are eligible for hiring,but the employer discards the results,and Erasmus is rejected.Drain-Pro continues to seek applicants.
Refer to Fact Pattern 35-1A.Erasmus files a suit against Drain-Pro un?der the Civil Rights Act of 1964,claiming reverse discrimination.To support this claim,Erasmus must show that he is a member of

A)a protected class.
B)a majority group.
C)an employers' association.
D)a union.

Question 36

Eton files a suit in a federal district court against Florida,alleging em?ployment discrimina?tion under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.The state asks the court to dismiss the suit.The court is most likely to rule that

A)the state is immune from the suit.
B)the suit can proceed.
C)Eton is immune from any defense the state might offer.
D)the court is immune from such request.

Question 37

Paolo has cerebral palsy,Quincy has kleptomania,and both work for Reality Insurance Company.Considered disabled under the Americans with Disabilities Act

A)are Paolo and Quincy.
B)is Paolo only.
C)is Quincy only.
D)is neither Paolo nor Quincy.

Question 38

Fix-It Repair Shop does not take any action to prevent sexual harass?ment of its employees.Fix-It Repair may be liable for such harassment by

A)an employee's previous employer.
B)a customer or a co-worker.
C)an employee's spouse.
D)none of the choices.

Question 39

Vincenzo is a pilot for Wayfarer Airlines.Wayfarer's policy is to restrict Vincenzo and its other pilots from flight responsibilities after a certain age.This is most likely

A)a legitimate bona fide occupational qualification.
B)discrimination on the basis of age.
C)association discrimination.
D)discrimination on the basis of disability.

Question 40

Ruth is a supervisor for Subs & Suds,a restaurant.Tim is a Subs em?ployee.The owner announces that some em?ployees will be discharged.Ruth tells Tim that if he has sex with her,he can keep his job.This is

A)harassment on the basis of sexual orientation.
B)not harassment.
C)quid pro quo harassment.
D)same-gender harassment.

Question 41

With a couple of new ideas regarding software design,Carol and Ray start a partnership that,with business success,becomes Pacific Applications Company.The company grows to include a staff of twenty-one employees.Over time,Pacific develops a new computer operating sys?tem.The firm signs licensing contracts with several computer manu?fac?turers,but needs to double the number of its employees to fulfill those con?tracts.Is Pacific subject to federal antidiscrimination laws? If so,what should it consider in hiring new employees?

Question 42

Gelato Cheese Company,a major processor of cheese sold throughout the United States,employs one hundred workers at its principal processing plant.The plant is located in Heartland Corners,which has a population that is 50 percent white and 25 percent African American,with the bal?ance Hispanic American,Asian American,and others.Gelato requires a high school diploma as a condition of employment for its cleaning crew.Three-fourths of the white population completed high school,compared with only one-fourth of those in the minority groups.Gelato has an all-white cleaning crew.Has Gelato violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Explain.