Deck 13: Nervous System

Question 1

The action potential in a neuron is an all-or-nothing event.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which one of the following is entirely located within the central nervous system?

A) sensory neuron
B) sensory receptor
C) motor neuron
D) effector
E) interneuron

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following types of nerves is not covered by a protective myelin sheath?

A) long axons
B) gray matter of the CNS
C) white matter of the CNS
D) nerve fibers within the PNS
E) axons of the CNS

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The cells of the nervous tissue are all neurons, cells that transmit nerve impulses.

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) sensory nerves--afferent
B) motor nerves--efferent
C) somatic motor nerves--smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
D) somatic sensory nerves--skin, muscles, joints, special senses
E) visceral sensory nerves--body organs

Question 6

Which of the following parts of a neuron is correctly matched?

A) cell body-short extensions that receive impulses
B) axon-conducts nerve impulses
C) dendrite-contains the nucleus and other organelles
D) axon-contains the nucleus and other organelles
E) dendrite-conducts nerve impulses

Question 7

Why is the outside of a neuron positively charged?

A) because sodium ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane
B) because calcium ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane
C) because potassium ions gather around the inside of the cell membrane
D) because sodium ions gather around the inside of the cell membrane
E) because chloride ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane

Question 8

The entire action potential (depolarization and repolarization) occurs in a matter of

A) milliseconds.
B) seconds.
C) minutes.
D) hours.
E) days.

Question 9

Which conducts an action potential faster and why?

A) myelinated fibers, the action potential moves through the myelin which allows it to travel faster
B) myelinated fibers, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another
C) unmyelinated fibers, the absence of myelin allows the action potential to travel faster
D) unmyelinated fibers, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another
E) unmyelinated fibers, the ions can move in and out of the cell faster without the myelin coating

Question 10

Which of the following is not a type of neuron?

A) sensory
B) interneuron
C) motor
D) neuroglia
E) afferent

Question 11

What ensures the one-way direction of an action potential?

A) As soon as the action potential has passed by, that portion of the axon undergoes a short refractory period.
B) Action potentials are self-propagating.
C) Conduction of an action potential is an all-or-none event.
D) An action potential at one node causes an action potential at the next node.
E) An axon can conduct a volley of action potentials very quickly.

Question 12

The gap where there is no myelin sheath around a nerve fiber is called a node of Ranvier.

Question 13

The division between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system is based on the anatomical differences between cells in the two locations.

Question 14

Place the events in the transmission of an action potential in the correct order. 1. An action potential begins in the receiving neuron. 2. Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. 3. An action potential arrives at an axon terminal. 4. Calcium ions enter the axon terminal. 5. Sodium ions diffuse into the receiving neuron. 6. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. 7. Neurotransmitter molecules bind to the membrane of the receiving neuron.

A) 1,2,6,7,4,3,5
B) 3,5,6,2,7,4,1
C) 3,4,6,2,7,5,1
D) 2,3,6,7,4,5,1
E) 7,6,5,3,4,2,1

Question 15

The intensity of a message is determined by how many action potentials are generated within a given time.

Question 16

The spinal cord belongs to the

A) peripheral nervous system.
B) central nervous system.
C) axial nervous system.
D) appendicular nervous system.
E) none of these.

Question 17

The central nervous system is protected by

A) bone.
B) muscle.
C) fibrous cartilage.
D) hyaline cartilage.
E) elastic cartilage.

Question 18

Depolarization of the neuron occurs when

A) the potassium gates open and potassium moves outside the cell.
B) the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium inside the cell.
C) sodium gates open and sodium moves inside the cell.
D) the sodium-potassium pumps moves potassium inside the cell.
E) water moves to the outside of the cell and chloride ions follow.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

A) receive sensory input
B) cushion and protect soft tissue
C) perform information processing
D) perform integration
E) generate motor output

Question 20

Which of the following is associated with the PNS but not the CNS?

A) Schwann cells
B) myelin sheath
C) axon
D) dendrite
E) node of Ranvier

Question 21

The white matter of the spinal cord surrounds the gray matter.

Question 22

The brain stem contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

A) acetylcholine
B) serotonin
C) glutamate
D) GABA
E) ATP

Question 24

Wernicke's area is associated with

A) reflex centers for controlling heartbeat.
B) sexual arousal.
C) the ability to ride a bike.
D) the sense of smell.
E) the ability to speak.

Question 25

A tumor located in the primary somatosensory area would impact which of the following functions?

A) the ability to feel a rough object
B) the ability to swallow
C) the ability to smell
D) the ability to determine images
E) all of these

Question 26

The cerebrum is associated with the

A) two lateral ventricles.
B) third ventricle.
C) fourth ventricle.
D) posterior ventricle.
E) anterior ventricle.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the central nervous system?

A) The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and the brain.
B) The brain and spinal cord contain only white matter--myelinated axons that run together in bundles.
C) Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone.
D) Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by meninges.
E) The spaces around the brain and spinal cord are filled with fluid.

Question 28

Which is the largest part of the brain?

A) medulla oblongata
B) midbrain
C) diencephalon
D) cerebellum
E) cerebrum

Question 29

Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebral hemisphere?

A) reticular
B) frontal
C) parietal
D) temporal
E) occipital

Question 30

Which of the following statements concerning the primary motor area is not true?

A) The area that controls the thumb, fingers, and hand is larger than the area controlling the leg.
B) The primary motor area is located anterior to the central sulcus.
C) Control of muscles responsible for facial movements take up a large portion of the primary motor area.
D) Voluntary commands to skeletal muscles begin in the primary motor area.
E) The primary motor area is in the cerebellum.

Question 31

Which of the following could happen to the neurotransmitter once it binds to the receiving membrane receptors?

A) reabsorbed by the sending membrane
B) absorbed by the receiving membrane in order to start the action potential
C) stays bound to the receiving membrane
D) released back into the synaptic cleft where it builds up
E) degrades due to lack of Ca⁺

Question 32

The thalamus is on the receiving end for all sensory input except the

A) sense of smell.
B) visual sense.
C) sense of hearing.
D) somatosensory information.
E) memory and emotions.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is not true concerning acetylcholine's function?

A) Acetylcholine has an excitatory effect on smooth muscle and glands.
B) Acetylcholine is active in both the CNS and PNS.
C) In the PNS, acetylcholine excites skeletal muscle.
D) In the PNS, acetylcholine inhibits cardiac muscle.
E) The enzyme acetylcholinesterase removes acetylcholine from the receiving cell's membrane.

Question 34

Which of the following areas is not associated with the frontal lobe?

A) primary motor area
B) primary visual area
C) premotor area
D) motor speech (Broca's) area
E) prefrontal area

Question 35

Which of the following is not a part of the brain?

A) corpus callosum
B) central canal
C) cerebrum
D) cerebellum
E) pons

Question 36

When a neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft, the response of the receiving neuron will be toward excitation.

Question 37

The spinal cord extends from the base of the brain through a large opening in the skull called the inferior ventricle.

Question 38

What is the summing up of the excitatory and inhibitory signals by a neuron called?

A) integration
B) addition
C) polarization
D) depolarization
E) firing

Question 39

There are only two types of neurotransmitters: acetylcholine for excitation and norepinephrine for inhibition.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is not true concerning spinal nerves?

A) The ventral root contains motor fibers exiting the gray matter.
B) The dorsal root contains sensory fibers entering the gray matter.
C) Spinal nerves are considered part of the CNS.
D) The dorsal and ventral roots join before the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal.
E) The spinal nerves project from the cord through intervertebral foramina.

Question 41

Which brain structure is associated with the limbic system?

A) hippocampus
B) frontal lobes
C) medulla oblongata
D) pons
E) brain stem

Question 42

List the order of events that will occur during a reflex arc.

Question 43

What type of memory does language depend upon?

A) short-term
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) skill
E) long term

Question 44

Where do most of the nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the autonomic motor pathways arise from?

A) thoracolumbar spinal nerves
B) cranial nerves
C) brain stem
D) cervical nerves
E) medulla oblongata

Question 45

In which way are the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system similar?

A) Both utilize two neurons per message.
B) In both, the preganglionic neuron is shorter than the postganglionic neuron.
C) Both use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter.
D) Both arise from the sacral spinal nerves.
E) Both are associated with the relaxed state (rest-and-digest).

Question 46

Which brain system receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and tendons?

A) somatic system of the PNS
B) somatic system of the CNS
C) autonomic system of the PNS
D) autonomic system of the CNS
E) all of these

Question 47

When a student crams for a test at 3 in the morning before the test, the information usually goes into

A) skill memory.
B) episodic memory.
C) semantic memory.
D) long-term memory.
E) short-term memory.

Question 48

Which of the following are mismatched concerning memory and learning?

A) hippocampus and emotionally charged fearful memories
B) long-term potentiation and memory storage
C) semantic memory and numbers
D) episodic memory and persons
E) prefrontal area and where memories are used

Question 49

Which of the following is part of the limbic system?

A) spinal cord
B) primary somatosensory area
C) amygdala
D) reticular formation
E) cerebellum

Question 50

The primary somatosensory area receives sensory input from

A) the sense of touch.
B) the sense of taste.
C) the sense of vision.
D) the sense of hearing.
E) the sense of smell.

Question 51

The limbic system blends ____________ and __________ into a united whole.

A) primitive emotions, higher mental functions
B) complex emotions, basic mental functions
C) complex emotions, higher mental functions
D) primitive emotions, basic mental functions
E) basic survival skills, higher mental functions

Question 52

The structures of the limbic system are linked together because of their position within the cerebrum even though they have a variety of functions.

Question 53

Place the following steps in the correct order for a reflex arc. 1. Sensory neurons pass signals to interneurons. 2. Nerve signals travel along motor fibers to an effector. 3. Sensory receptors generate nerve signals. 4. Interneurons synapse with motor neurons. 5. There is a response to the stimulus.

A) 3,4,1,2,5
B) 2,1,3,4,5
C) 1,2,3,4,5
D) 3,1,4,2,5
E) 2,4,1,3,5

Question 54

Which part of the brain is not functioning correctly if an individual cannot learn new facts and retain them?

A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) reticular formation
D) medulla oblongata
E) none of these

Question 55

Which of the following statements about cranial nerves is not true?

A) Humans have 31 pairs of cranial nerves.
B) The cranial nerves are referred to by roman numerals.
C) Some cranial nerves are only sensory nerves, while some are only motor fibers. Others are mixed.
D) Cranial nerves are largely associated with the head, neck, and face.
E) The vagus nerve is a cranial nerve.

Question 56

The two types of nerves in the peripheral nervous system are cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

Question 57

The somatic division of the PNS controls all of the following except the

A) skin.
B) quadriceps muscle.
C) tendons.
D) heart muscle.
E) bicep muscles.

Question 58

In what way are the somatic motor pathway and the parasympathetic autonomic motor pathway similar?

A) Both innervate glands and organs.
B) Both innervate the skeletal muscles.
C) Both utilize two neurons per message.
D) Both use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
E) Both are voluntary.

Question 59

The left hemisphere of the brain is more involved in verbal functions than the right hemisphere.

Question 60

What type of memory is involved in learning to ride a bike?

A) short-term memory
B) long-term memory
C) semantic memory
D) episodic memory
E) skill memory

Question 61

How is alcohol classified?

A) stimulant
B) depressant
C) psychoactive
D) inhibitor
E) none of these

Question 62

Heavy use of which drug can lead to hallucinations, anxiety, depression, paranoia, and psychotic symptoms?

A) marijuana
B) ecstasy
C) heroin
D) cocaine
E) methamphetamine

Question 63

List the structures associated with the brain stem and indicate their primary function.

Question 64

List the two primary structures of the limbic system and indicate their functions.

Question 65

The repeated use of which drug leads to the body decreasing the natural production of endorphins?

A) heroin
B) marijuana
C) K2
D) methamphetamine
E) ecstasy

Question 66

Which of the following is a neuromodulator?

A) substance P
B) GABA
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine
E) serotonin

Question 67

Dopamine plays a central role in the working of the brain's built-in reward circuit.

Question 68

Long term use of heroin results in which set of symptoms?

A) weight gain, poor cognitive performance, irritability
B) cardiac and/or respiratory arrest, sudden death
C) apathy, euphoria, hallucinations
D) addiction, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, various bacterial infections
E) anxiety, jitters, insomnia, headaches

Question 69

Which two drugs are in the same category?

A) nicotine and alcohol
B) nicotine and heroin
C) alcohol and heroin
D) cocaine and marijuana
E) marijuana and heroin

Question 70

Which drug is in the same category as nicotine?

A) cocaine
B) alcohol
C) heroin
D) marijuana
E) none of these

Question 71

How does caffeine work?

A) increases the amount of neurotransmitter at a synapse
B) interferes with or decreases the action of a neurotransmitter
C) replace or mimic a neurotransmitter
D) replace or mimic a neuromodulator
E) promote the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 72

The postganglionic fiber in the parasympathetic division is long because the ganglia lie near or within the organ.