Question 1

What ensures the one-way direction of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  As soon as the action potential has passed by, that portion of the axon undergoes a short refractory period. 
B)  Action potentials are self-propagating. 
C)  Conduction of an action potential is an all-or-none event. 
D)  An action potential at one node causes an action potential at the next node. 
E)  An axon can conduct a volley of action potentials very quickly. 
A)  As soon as the action potential has passed by, that portion of the axon undergoes a short refractory period. 
B)  Action potentials are self-propagating. 
C)  Conduction of an action potential is an all-or-none event. 
D)  An action potential at one node causes an action potential at the next node. 
E)  An axon can conduct a volley of action potentials very quickly. A

Question 2

Why is the outside of a neuron positively charged?

Accepted Answer

A)  because sodium ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane 
B)  because calcium ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane 
C)  because potassium ions gather around the inside of the cell membrane 
D)  because sodium ions gather around the inside of the cell membrane 
E)  because chloride ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane 
A)  because sodium ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane 
B)  because calcium ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane 
C)  because potassium ions gather around the inside of the cell membrane 
D)  because sodium ions gather around the inside of the cell membrane 
E)  because chloride ions gather around the outside of the cell membrane A

Question 3

Dopamine plays a central role in the working of the brain's built-in reward circuit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

List the two primary structures of the limbic system and indicate their functions.

Accepted Answer

1. amygdala: causes experience

Question 5

How is alcohol classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulant 
B)  depressant 
C)  psychoactive 
D)  inhibitor 
E)  none of these 
A)  stimulant 
B)  depressant 
C)  psychoactive 
D)  inhibitor 
E)  none of these

Question 6

Which one of the following is entirely located within the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neuron 
B)  sensory receptor 
C)  motor neuron 
D)  effector 
E)  interneuron 
A)  sensory neuron 
B)  sensory receptor 
C)  motor neuron 
D)  effector 
E)  interneuron

Question 7

Depolarization of the neuron occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  the potassium gates open and potassium moves outside the cell. 
B)  the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium inside the cell. 
C)  sodium gates open and sodium moves inside the cell. 
D)  the sodium-potassium pumps moves potassium inside the cell. 
E)  water moves to the outside of the cell and chloride ions follow. 
A)  the potassium gates open and potassium moves outside the cell. 
B)  the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium inside the cell. 
C)  sodium gates open and sodium moves inside the cell. 
D)  the sodium-potassium pumps moves potassium inside the cell. 
E)  water moves to the outside of the cell and chloride ions follow.

Question 8

The limbic system blends ____________ and __________ into a united whole.

Accepted Answer

A)  primitive emotions, higher mental functions 
B)  complex emotions, basic mental functions 
C)  complex emotions, higher mental functions 
D)  primitive emotions, basic mental functions 
E)  basic survival skills, higher mental functions 
A)  primitive emotions, higher mental functions 
B)  complex emotions, basic mental functions 
C)  complex emotions, higher mental functions 
D)  primitive emotions, basic mental functions 
E)  basic survival skills, higher mental functions

Question 9

Which two drugs are in the same category?

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotine and alcohol 
B)  nicotine and heroin 
C)  alcohol and heroin 
D)  cocaine and marijuana 
E)  marijuana and heroin 
A)  nicotine and alcohol 
B)  nicotine and heroin 
C)  alcohol and heroin 
D)  cocaine and marijuana 
E)  marijuana and heroin

Question 10

The primary somatosensory area receives sensory input from

Accepted Answer

A)  the sense of touch. 
B)  the sense of taste. 
C)  the sense of vision. 
D)  the sense of hearing. 
E)  the sense of smell. 
A)  the sense of touch. 
B)  the sense of taste. 
C)  the sense of vision. 
D)  the sense of hearing. 
E)  the sense of smell.

Question 11

The gap where there is no myelin sheath around a nerve fiber is called a node of Ranvier.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When a neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft, the response of the receiving neuron will be toward excitation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Heavy use of which drug can lead to hallucinations, anxiety, depression, paranoia, and psychotic symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana 
B)  ecstasy 
C)  heroin 
D)  cocaine 
E)  methamphetamine 
A)  marijuana 
B)  ecstasy 
C)  heroin 
D)  cocaine 
E)  methamphetamine

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not true concerning spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ventral root contains motor fibers exiting the gray matter. 
B)  The dorsal root contains sensory fibers entering the gray matter. 
C)  Spinal nerves are considered part of the CNS. 
D)  The dorsal and ventral roots join before the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal. 
E)  The spinal nerves project from the cord through intervertebral foramina. 
A)  The ventral root contains motor fibers exiting the gray matter. 
B)  The dorsal root contains sensory fibers entering the gray matter. 
C)  Spinal nerves are considered part of the CNS. 
D)  The dorsal and ventral roots join before the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal. 
E)  The spinal nerves project from the cord through intervertebral foramina.

Question 15

The white matter of the spinal cord surrounds the gray matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with the PNS but not the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells 
B)  myelin sheath 
C)  axon 
D)  dendrite 
E)  node of Ranvier 
A)  Schwann cells 
B)  myelin sheath 
C)  axon 
D)  dendrite 
E)  node of Ranvier

Question 17

In what way are the somatic motor pathway and the parasympathetic autonomic motor pathway similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both innervate glands and organs. 
B)  Both innervate the skeletal muscles. 
C)  Both utilize two neurons per message. 
D)  Both use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. 
E)  Both are voluntary. 
A)  Both innervate glands and organs. 
B)  Both innervate the skeletal muscles. 
C)  Both utilize two neurons per message. 
D)  Both use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. 
E)  Both are voluntary.

Question 18

The repeated use of which drug leads to the body decreasing the natural production of endorphins?

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin 
B)  marijuana 
C)  K2 
D)  methamphetamine 
E)  ecstasy 
A)  heroin 
B)  marijuana 
C)  K2 
D)  methamphetamine 
E)  ecstasy

Question 19

The postganglionic fiber in the parasympathetic division is long because the ganglia lie near or within the organ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The brain stem contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Nervous System

What ensures the one-way direction of an action potential?

Why is the outside of a neuron positively charged?

Dopamine plays a central role in the working of the brain's built-in reward circuit.

List the two primary structures of the limbic system and indicate their functions.

How is alcohol classified?

Which one of the following is entirely located within the central nervous system?

Depolarization of the neuron occurs when

The limbic system blends ____________ and __________ into a united whole.

Which two drugs are in the same category?

The primary somatosensory area receives sensory input from

The gap where there is no myelin sheath around a nerve fiber is called a node of Ranvier.

When a neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft, the response of the receiving neuron will be toward excitation.

Heavy use of which drug can lead to hallucinations, anxiety, depression, paranoia, and psychotic symptoms?

Which of the following statements is not true concerning spinal nerves?

The white matter of the spinal cord surrounds the gray matter.

Which of the following is associated with the PNS but not the CNS?

In what way are the somatic motor pathway and the parasympathetic autonomic motor pathway similar?

The repeated use of which drug leads to the body decreasing the natural production of endorphins?

The postganglionic fiber in the parasympathetic division is long because the ganglia lie near or within the organ.

The brain stem contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.

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