Deck 4: Communicating, Perceiving, and Understanding

Question 1

Organization is the part of the perception process that involves focusing on a narrow range of the information available in your environment.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The part of the perception process known as ________ involves attending to just a narrow range of the full array of sensory information available and ignoring the remainder.

A) selection
B) organization
C) interpretation
D) reflection

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Your organizational structures are also called ________ and tell you what information belongs together and how to understand what you perceive.

A) cognitions
B) categories
C) representations
D) templates

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Salena always finds the good in everything she does even when it is an unpleasant task. The term applied to how a person views and interprets the world around them is their _____.

A) outlook
B) mode
C) operation
D) attribution

Question 5

Cognitive representations and categorization are used in the _____ step of the perception process.

A) selection
B) organization
C) interpretation
D) attributional biases

Question 6

When you meet a new person, you have a mental map that guides you in how to greet and introduce yourself to them. These mental maps are called _____.

A) cognitive representations
B) planning
C) interpersonal scripts
D) categorizations

Question 7

Research has established that when people perceive others as attractive, they treat them better than those viewed as less attractive.

Question 8

Because of the role of ________ in the perception process, visual stimulation is given primacy in Western countries, thus leading to the saying "seeing is believing."

A) power
B) social comparison
C) historical time periods
D) culture

Question 9

Elton snapped at a waitress when she delivered the wrong entrée. According to the concept of ________, he is likely to make ________ attributions for his own behavior.

A) attributional bias; internal
B) attributional bias; external
C) fundamental attribution error; internal
D) fundamental attribution error; external

Question 10

Someone who is less financially successful may look down upon groups that are even less successful as a way to protect his or her own ego. This is an example of the ________ function of prejudice.

A) value-expressive
B) ego-defensive
C) power-expressive
D) social-expressive

Question 11

People who lived through the Great Depression may perceive resources as being scarcer than others do. This is an example of how the ________ affects perception.

A) attribution
B) ethnocentrism
C) social comparison
D) cohort effect

Question 12

Kady has worked as a teacher for several years and has developed a method for introducing herself to librarians. She has developed an) ________.

A) cognitive representation
B) representation
C) interpersonal script
D) prototype

Question 13

Ronald is at the grocery store. He sees the girl behind him with a cart full of candy, chips, and soda, and mentally identifies her as an unhealthy person. He is using the ________ aspect of the categorization part of the perception process.

A) cognitive representation
B) labeling
C) solving
D) organization

Question 14

Researchers believe that ________ is pervasive because it serves specific functions, the two most important of which are ego-defensive functions and value-expressive functions.

A) stereotype
B) ethnocentrism
C) prejudice
D) social comparison

Question 15

Gretchen is on a first date with Jim. She is surprised to learn that he wants to have children and be a stay-at-home dad because she believed that men preferred careers to family life. She has been overgeneralizing or ________ men.

A) misinterpreting
B) stereotyping
C) representing
D) attributing

Question 16

By the end of this course, you will possess more categories or constructs with which you can understand human communication. This increase in categories or constructs is also referred to as _____.

A) the attribution bias
B) cognitive complexity
C) interpersonal scripts
D) labeling

Question 17

Recognizing what you select from your environment and what it represents is a part of the organization function of the perception process.

Question 18

When it comes to sexual attraction, on average, men have a keener sense of smell than women, thus influencing the perception process.

Question 19

Which of the following is an aspect of the perception process?

A) rhetoric
B) development
C) organization
D) alignment

Question 20

The tendency to view one's own group as the standard against which all other groups should be measured or judged is called _____.

A) stereotyping
B) labeling
C) ethnocentrism
D) prejudice

Question 21

Describe the two functions that prejudice serves. Provide examples of each.

Question 22

An interpersonal _____ is a relatively fixed sequence of events expected to occur.

Question 23

Explain the fundamental attribution error. Provide examples to illustrate the attributions associated with this concept.

Question 24

Your romantic partner says something that hurts your feelings. According to the ________ you may see this as a mean part of his/her personality rather than a deserved comment or a slip on his/her part due to tiredness or other external circumstances.

Question 25

Stereotyping is related to planning and occurs when you create interpersonal scripts that overgeneralize the attributes of a group to which others belong.

Question 26

The tendency to view one's own group as the standard against which all others are judged is described as ________.

Question 27

Carla considers the world a dangerous place and prefers to stay close to home. If someone rings her doorbell, she assumes it's someone trying to break in. Carla's idea that the world is a dangerous place is an example of a structural frame.

Question 28

A prototype is considered the most representative example of a person or concept.

Question 29

Identify and give an example of three ways that you can improve your perception skills.

Question 30

A Republican who views Democrats as unrealistic idealists with poor family values and fiscal responsibility exemplifies the value-expressive aspect of prejudice.

Question 31

According to the text, one reason you do NOT have control of your perceptions and cognitions is because of the powerful impacts of power and position.

Question 32

Compare and contrast the ideas of stereotype and prejudice. Give an example of a current event that indicates these issues.

Question 33

Gina told her parents that her new boyfriend is a jock. The term jock is an example of a _____.

Question 34

The tendency to view one's own group as the standard against which all others are judged is known as social comparison.

Question 35

Your ________ refers to the specific position you hold in a society.