Deck 17: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

Question 1

Globally, fertility rates are _____________________.

A) dropping
B) increasing
C) at an equilibrium
D) so low they have been lowering the size of the global population for the past 5 years

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Mary lives in a community where there are guards and surveillance cameras in every corner of the development. She moved here, away from the city, to escape the crime problem. Mary lives in a _____________ community.

A) barrier
B) gated
C) secure
D) locked

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What would be considered a pull factor as it relates to migration?

A) Desire of the migrants for a better life
B) Problems in the home country
C) Major disruptions such as war
D) Favorable immigration policy

Answer 3

D

Question 4

__________________ is the scientific study of population, especially its growth, decline, as well as the movement of people.

A) Geography
B) Demography
C) Sociology
D) Ethnography

Question 5

Migrants who are forced to leave their homeland, or leave involuntarily due to fear for safety, are called ___________.

A) undocumented migrants
B) refugees
C) crisis migrants
D) temporary migrants

Question 6

Joe runs away from his home country of Afghanistan to escape religious persecution. He is an example of a(n) _________________.

A) asylum seeker
B) refugee
C) migrant
D) vagrant

Question 7

John studies the fertility and migration trends of countries around the world. John would be classified as a(n) _____________________.

A) environmentalist
B) geographer
C) demographer
D) philosopher

Question 8

Today, there are many areas that are located near major highways that contain shopping centers and many restaurants and surround large cities. These areas are often referred to as _______________________.

A) metropolises
B) suburbanized centers
C) exurbias
D) edge cities

Question 9

Over ________________ new cases of cancer per year in the United States can be traced to obesity.

A) 30,000
B) 100,000
C) 20,000
D) 40,000

Question 10

The three basic processes of concern to demographers are:

A) fertility, health, and income
B) fertility, mortality, and migration
C) childbirth rates, population size, and region
D) fertility, morbidity, and average life expectancy

Question 11

The area between Boston, MA, and Washington, DC, in the United States is classified as a ___________________.

A) metropolis
B) megalopolis
C) populated area
D) None of the above

Question 12

The baby boom took place between:

A) 1930 and 1947
B) 1960 and 1975
C) 1946 and 1960
D) 1922 and 1930

Question 13

________________ refers to areas where land and housing costs are lower, and at their outer edges they blend into the rural countryside and agricultural areas.

A) Exurbia
B) Suburbia
C) Urban areas
D) Gated communities

Question 14

The final stage of the demographic transition theory is:

A) a balance between high death rates and high birthrates
B) the birthrate remains high or declines more slowly than the death rate
C) the decline in the death rates leads to more children in the family
D) an increase in infant mortality rates in the family

Question 15

It is estimated that ______% of Mexico's population lives in the United States.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 14

Question 16

___________________ are key locations for industries and marketplaces, and centers of production and innovation in many industries.

A) Edge cities
B) Global cities
C) Megalopolises
D) Metropolises

Question 17

When real estate capital is reinvested in blighted inner-city areas in order to create a new infrastructure for the well-to-do, this is referred to as ______________________.

A) enterprise zoning
B) restoration
C) gentrification
D) redlining

Question 18

The recent slowdown in population growth is:

A) exactly as predicted
B) a dramatic reduction from prior estimates
C) similar to the growth rate just after World War II
D) a correction that makes population growth no longer a problem

Question 19

Which of the following IS a factor in the decline of mortality rates in certain countries?

A) Weaker norms in regard to losing weight and stopping smoking
B) A decrease in the standards of living
C) Better public health
D) The government's inability to control certain diseases like malaria

Question 20

Suburban areas continue to push outward to encompass land and housing that is cheaper. These outlying areas are called:

A) the enterprise zone
B) concentric zones
C) subrural
D) exurbia

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a dimension in regard to the relationship between globalization and sustainability?

A) Medical
B) Technology
C) Economic
D) Politics

Question 22

Which of the following is a factor as it relates to the fertility rate?

A) The environmental makeup of a certain country
B) The age of the women in a geographic area
C) The lack of knowledge as it pertains to sexual behaviors
D) The number of childbirths per 1,000 people per year

Question 23

In recent years, the central role of cities in consumption has been:

A) expanded into more cities worldwide
B) intensified
C) reduced due to Internet use and suburban malls
D) supplemented by many more types of consumer services

Question 24

Last year, the Smith family visited Orlando, Florida, for their summer vacation. Orlando, home to Disney World, places great emphasis on spectacle. It can be classified as a(n) ____________ city.

A) hyperconsumption
B) edge
C) fantasy
D) simulated

Question 25

Which of the following is a way that environmental problems are associated with the city?

A) The increased movement away from the cities to the suburbs has created problems with the urban environment
B) Cars and power plants emit greenhouse gases and pollution from carbon dioxide
C) Heat retention in the treeless concrete jungles of cities
D) The massive creation of waste such as organic matter rich in nutrients that could be used as fertilizer to benefit the environment in rural areas

Question 26

China's population is large, but it is decreasing, and soon will be surpassed by India in population size.

Question 27

Mary is a researcher who is going to focus on the relationship between corporate policies and environmental issues and the way the____________ explains how everyone in the system depends on continuous growth.

A) hyperconsumption treadmill
B) treadmill of production
C) treadmill of consumption
D) fast-food culture

Question 28

The depletion of the ozone layer in the Earth's polar regions has been referred to as an ___________________.

A) ozone crater
B) ozone core
C) ozone hole
D) ozone fault

Question 29

______________________ is the decline in the water supply as a result of the degradation and deterioration of soil and vegetation.

A) Deforestation
B) Desertification
C) Environmentalism
D) Decentralization

Question 30

The most notable deforestation in the world is taking place in ___________________________.

A) the parks in North America
B) the forests in Europe
C) the villages of Southeast Asia
D) the Amazon rain forest

Question 31

_______________________ involves economic and environmental changes that meet the needs of the present, especially of the world's poor, without jeopardizing the needs of the future.

A) Environmental development
B) Economical development
C) Organic development
D) Sustainable development

Question 32

A negative effect of global warming is the melting of ____________________, which refers to soil that has been at or below the freezing point of water for more than two years and will be irreversible once it starts.

A) groundfrost
B) solidfrost
C) permafrost
D) grimefrost

Question 33

Which of the following would be considered a type of undocumented immigrant?

A) Frank, who enters the United States legally but then stays beyond the period of time permitted by his visa
B) Mary, who tries to gain entry without passing through a checkpoint
C) John, who tries to immigrate to the United States but has fake documents
D) Luisa, who is born in a U.S. hospital but whose parents are not U.S. citizens

Question 34

A characteristic of a world city is:

A) They are centers of communities of immigrants who interact with family and friends in their homeland
B) They are planned communities built around major international airports and shopping centers
C) They are found at the outermost rings surrounding large cities
D) They are built near major highways and corporate offices

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of a global city?

A) They are the homes of new financial, legal, and accountancy products
B) They are the key locations for lending industries and marketplaces
C) They are the setting from which businesses and organizations exercise global command and control
D) They are located in the western world

Question 36

Demography is the scientific study of population, especially in growth, decline, as well as the movement of people.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global warming?

A) Sea levels will decrease
B) More intense heat waves
C) More severe storms
D) Waterborne diseases will increase with higher temperatures

Question 38

Many global environmental problems, especially global warming, are traceable to ________________________________.

A) communistic global development
B) socialistic global development
C) capitalistic global development
D) all twentieth century economic systems

Question 39

Which of these is a problem faced by global and world cities?

A) They are targets of major terrorist attacks
B) They are destinations for large numbers of documented and undocumented immigrants
C) They are less environmentally efficient
D) They are the sites where those affected by global health problems end up

Question 40

During the process of gentrification, who is often forced out of the blighted areas in order to make way for new housing?

A) The middle classes
B) The upper classes
C) The capitalist classes
D) The working classes

Question 41

During the Great Depression, the United States experienced a high increase in population growth.

Question 42

Desertification refers to the decline in the water supply as a result of the degradation and deterioration of soil and vegetation.

Question 43

Juan Carlos lives in Mexico and wants to move to the United States because he seeks a better life and job opportunities. These are referred to as push factors.

Question 44

Subcities are developments at the outermost ring surrounding large cities that resemble cities rather than suburbs.

Question 45

Chicago is an example of a metropolis.

Question 46

The main focus of sustainable development is physical sustainability, but there must also be a concern for equity within the current generation and for future generations.

Question 47

Urbanism is the way of life that emerges in urban areas; urbanization is the process of increasing density in a populated urban area.

Question 48

Economically, immigration has had a negative effect on the economy of the United States, as well as other developed nations.

Question 49

Lagos, Nigeria, is the fastest-growing megacity in the world.

Question 50

Landscape urbanism is a new urban development toward ecological sustainability in the new urbanism.

Question 51

Many global environmental problems are traceable to communistic economic development.

Question 52

The early suburbs were primarily residential bedroom communities for those who worked, shopped, and enjoyed leisure activities in the city.

Question 53

The treadmill of production states that everyone in the system depends on continuous growth in production, and the economy more generally.

Question 54

Infanticide is most commonly found in South and East Asia.

Question 55

Migrants who gain entry without passing a checkpoint are called undocumented immigrants.

Question 56

One of the major factors in the decline in mortality rates includes the advances in medicine and medical technologies.

Question 57

The fecundity rate refers to people's reproductive behavior, especially the number of births.

Question 58

The earliest work on globalization tended to focus on the natural environment.

Question 59

Developing countries will experience a demographic dividend which results from a favorable ratio in those nations of those able to work to dependents, such as the aged and children.

Question 60

There are five stages associated with the demographic transition theory.

Question 61

Discuss the concepts of urbanization and suburbanization. Select two types of specific urban or suburban types described in the text and explain them with examples. Which type of area-urban or suburban-is growing, and by what measure?

Question 62

When did we start regulating national borders? How universal is border regulation? Describe two push and pull factors of migration. What economic effect does immigration have? What is one moral argument presented for not regulating migration?

Question 63

Discuss the three stages of the demographic transition theory.

Question 64

Discuss any two environmental problems and the negative consequences associated with each of these problems. Name one type of global response to environmental problems and provide an example.

Question 65

Define demography. What three processes of population change are basic to the work of demographers? Describe what each measures.