Exam 17: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

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The regulation of national borders began to take shape in the 19th and 20th centuries as nation-states sought to assert their sovereignty and control over their territories. This process was further solidified after the establishment of the United Nations and the development of international law governing the rights and responsibilities of states in relation to their borders.

Border regulation is fairly universal, with nearly every country in the world having some form of border control and immigration policies in place. However, the strictness and enforcement of these regulations can vary widely from country to country.

Two push factors of migration include economic hardship and political instability in the home country, while pull factors may include better economic opportunities and political stability in the destination country.

Immigration can have various economic effects, including contributing to labor force growth, filling gaps in the labor market, and stimulating economic growth through increased consumer spending. However, it can also lead to wage depression in certain industries and strain public resources such as healthcare and education.

One moral argument presented for not regulating migration is that all human beings have a fundamental right to seek a better life for themselves and their families, and that strict border regulations can unfairly limit this right and perpetuate inequality. Additionally, some argue that migration regulations can lead to the exploitation and mistreatment of migrants who are forced to take dangerous and illegal routes to reach their desired destinations.