Deck 2: Management Learning Past to Present

Question 1

Even though the way we manage work and organizations is changing - managers today can benefit from studying the history of management thought.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth made important contributions to scientific management while,the work of Henry Fayol contributed to the development of administrative principles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth formulated the hypothesis that employees who did their jobs without having clear and uniform specifications would lose efficiency and perform below their true capabilities.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The ideas of visionary leadership,respect for workers,cooperation and the dangers of bureaucracy have only recently been developed and written about by modern management theorists.

Question 5

According to Frederick Taylor,the primary objective of management is to secure maximum prosperity for both the employer and the employees.

Question 6

In The Evolution of Management Thought,Daniel Wren traces management as far back as 500BC.

Question 7

Google's runaway success can be attributed to performance excellence based on speed,accuracy,and ease of use.

Question 8

The three branches of classical management approaches are scientific management,theory x and y,and bureaucratic organization.

Question 9

Scientific management is primarily concerned with getting people at work to do what is necessary to improve productivity.

Question 10

One of the principles of scientific management is to develop a scientific approach to every job that includes careful selection and training of workers as well as proper supervisory support.

Question 11

One's learning style has no real relevance for performance success today.

Question 12

Frederick Taylor's four principles of scientific management focus on developing a science for every job,carefully selecting workers based on their abilities,simplifying work,introducing work standards and giving them proper incentives.

Question 13

Since so much has changed in management science,the writings of classical theorists like Mary Parker Follett are not very relevant to the way organizations are managed today.

Question 14

Motion studies,conducted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth,provided the foundation for modern job simplification,work standard techniques,and incentive wage plans.

Question 15

According to scientific management,performance-based compensation,job design and supervisory training are methods that can be used to improve productivity of people at work.

Question 16

Scientific management theories are important historically but are not very relevant for modern managers and businesses today.

Question 17

A major assumption of classical approaches to management is that people are much more driven by human concerns for other workers than by the need to achieve personal gain.

Question 18

Carefully selecting workers with the abilities to do their jobs is just one practical lesson learned from scientific management.

Question 19

Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follett were important contributors to scientific management,and Frederick Taylor and Max Weber were important contributors to administrative principles.

Question 20

Many modern management concepts have parallels in some of the historical management writings,and contemporary managers are trying to perfect many ideas that have deep historical roots.

Question 21

A major assumption of human resource approaches to management is that people are rational and primarily,motivated by economic incentives.

Question 22

Henri Fayol's coordination principle specifies that one person should be in charge of all activities that have the same performance objective.

Question 23

Training supervisors to support workers so they can perform to the best of their abilities is another practical lesson learned from scientific management.

Question 24

Henri Fayol identified five rules of management-foresight,organization,command,coordination,and control-that closely resemble the four management functions studied today.

Question 25

Weber believed that efficiency in the utilization of resources and fairness in the treatment of employees and clients were potential advantages of bureaucratic organizations.

Question 26

The behavioural management approaches include Maslow's human needs theory and Argyris's personality and organization theory and scientific management.

Question 27

The scalar chain principle states that there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization.

Question 28

The unity of command principle specifies that one person should be in charge of all activities that have the same performance objective.

Question 29

Max Weber believed that people held positions of authority because of their social status;this problem could be addressed effectively through a form of organization known as bureaucracy.

Question 30

Mary is very concerned with worker morale,and she frequently surveys employees to determine their level of job satisfaction.She feels that people really want to work,to take more responsibility,and to make a contribution.Her approach reflects application of scientific management principles in the workplace.

Question 31

Henri Fayol set forth several management principles that could be taught to people to improve the quality of management practice.

Question 32

Using time and motion studies to improve its worker performance is an example of the use of management techniques derived from administrative management.

Question 33

The control principle specifies that each person should receive orders from only one boss.

Question 34

Frederick Taylor's four principles of scientific management focus on developing a science for every job,carefully selecting workers based on their abilities,job standardization and simplification,work standards,and supporting workers through careful planning of the work.

Question 35

For UPS,productivity standards have cut down on inefficiencies and increased productivity.

Question 36

Weber believed "the purely bureaucratic type of organization…is capable of attaining the highest degree of efficiency."

Question 37

The behavioural management approach emphasizes satisfying social relationships,responding to pressure,and seeking personal satisfaction at work.

Question 38

A bureaucracy is an ideal form of organization that is rational and efficient,and is founded on the principles of logic,order,and legitimate authority.

Question 39

Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by a clear division of labour,a clear hierarchy of authority,informal rules and procedures,personal coordination and control,and careers based on social status.

Question 40

Administrative study is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions.

Question 41

Non-compete clauses and non-disclosure agreements are becoming increasingly common in employment contracts.

Question 42

According to Maslow,the more the need to be self-actualized is satisfied,the weaker it becomes.

Question 43

An important contribution to the human relations movement was Douglas McGregor's work which described the role that human needs play in motivating people in the workplace.

Question 44

The Hawthorne Studies shifted the attention of managers and scholars away from the technical and structural concerns emphasized by the classical management approach toward the study of social and human concerns as keys to productivity.

Question 45

The human relations movement demonstrates that people who are singled out and given special attention at work tend to perform in the way they believe they are expected to perform.

Question 46

Mary Parker Follett's belief that businesses were services and that private profits should always be considered in relation to the public good foreshadowed today's concerns with managerial ethics and corporate social responsibility.

Question 47

Esteem needs involve the needs for love,affection,and belongingness in one's relationships with other people.

Question 48

The initial focus of the Hawthorne studies reflected a scientific management perspective,but that focus later shifted toward social and human concerns in the workplace.

Question 49

Safety needs refer to the needs for security,protection,and stability in the events of daily life.

Question 50

Mary Parker Follett believed that making every employee ownership and profit sharing in the business would create feelings of collective responsibility.

Question 51

Maslow's research on the importance of "human needs" has had a major impact on management.

Question 52

Mary Parker Follett brought an understanding of groups and a deep commitment to human cooperation to her writings about businesses and other organizations.

Question 53

The Hawthorne studies found consistent results to support their hypothesis that both economic incentives and the physical working conditions of the workplace affect productivity.

Question 54

Physiological needs refer to the needs for physical closeness and relationships with others.

Question 55

A key lesson from the Hawthorne studies is that people's feelings,attitudes,and relationships with co-workers have very little influence their performance as compared with compensation and incentives.

Question 56

According to Mary Parker Follett,managers should develop productive communities at work by controlling and directing their employees.

Question 57

A need is a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person wants to satisfy.

Question 58

Social needs concern the needs for respect,prestige,recognition,and self-esteem;and a personal sense of competency and mastery.

Question 59

Neither group atmosphere nor participative supervision was found to be an important explanatory factor for improved productivity in the relay assembly test-room studies at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works.

Question 60

A major finding of the Hawthorne studies is physical working conditions have a much greater impact on worker performance and productivity than people's feelings,attitudes,and relationships with their co-workers.

Question 61

Argyris believes that implementation of classical management ideas such as the bureaucratic organization and Fayol's administrative principles will ensure that workers are productive and efficient.

Question 62

Based on McGregor's Theory,we would assume that Theory X managers are more effective in motivating people because they believe that their subordinates like work and are self-motivated and are willing to accept responsibility.

Question 63

According to Maslow,social needs involve one's need for respect,recognition,and affiliation.

Question 64

Based on McGregor's theory,Theory Y managers place more emphasis on workforce diversity,an employee empowerment,involvement and self-management.

Question 65

Management science focuses specifically on how organizations produce goods efficiently and effectively.

Question 66

In contract to Weber,Argyris believes that people work more efficiently in a clear hierarchy of authority,with those at higher levels controlling people at lower levels in the organization.

Question 67

According to the Maslow's progression principle of human needs,a satisfied need is not a motivator of behaviour.

Question 68

Mathematical forecasting helps make future projections that are useful for planning.

Question 69

Network models break large tasks into smaller components to allow for better analysis,planning,and control of complex projects.

Question 70

Theory Y managers assume that subordinates are lazy,dislike work,lack ambition,are irresponsible,and prefer to be given directions rather than to manage their own work.

Question 71

Inventory modeling is used to help allocate service personnel or workstations to minimize customer waiting time and service cost.

Question 72

Management science refers to the scientific application of mathematical techniques to management problems and decision-making.

Question 73

Quantitative management is the study of the application of mathematical techniques to improve decision-making and problem-solving.

Question 74

Theory X managers tend to be directive in their relationships with others and take a command-and-control orientation with them.

Question 75

Argyris believes that employee absenteeism,turnover,apathy and low morale caused by lack of adequate supervision and poorly defined tasks.

Question 76

The quantitative management approaches use mathematical techniques to improve managerial decision-making and problem solving.

Question 77

Both the Hawthorne Studies and McGregor's Theory predict that the behaviour of people tend to act in ways that are consistent with what managers expect of them.

Question 78

Douglas McGregor believed that managers can increase employee performance by focusing on improving the physical conditions in the work environment because these are more important than the social needs of employees.

Question 79

Total quality management is a term used to describe the process of always finding new ways to improve.

Question 80

Self-actualization is a terms used by Maslow to explain why managers who understand and help people satisfy higher order needs at work will achieve greater levels of productivity and fulfillment.