Deck 16: Motivating Employees

Question 1

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when an employer provides his employees health insurance,he is taking care of their ________ needs.

A)safety
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)esteem

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,________ needs form the lowest or foundational step in the hierarchy.

A)psychomotor
B)physiological
C)psychological
D)psychographic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The definition of motivation has three key elements: energy,direction,and persistence.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Joe watches his youngest employees like a mother hen to make sure they stay on task and off their cell phones.Joe is behaving like a ________ manager.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)Two-factor

Question 5

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other,the company is taking care of the employees' ________ needs.

A)safety
B)self-actualization
C)social
D)psychological

Question 6

The ________ element in the definition of motivation is a measure of intensity,drive,and vigor.

A)persistence
B)effort
C)energy
D)direction

Question 7

Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

A)social
B)esteem
C)safety
D)self-actualization

Question 8

Marlin,a physicist in a large corporation,has been asked by his professional association to present a scientific paper at the national convention.This type of recognition will help Marlin fulfill his ________ needs.

A)psychological
B)esteem
C)self-actualization
D)social

Question 9

With its motto "Be All that You Can Be," the United States Army encouraged recruits to fulfill their ________ needs.

A)physiological
B)psychological
C)esteem
D)self-actualization

Question 10

McGregor's Theory X assumes that employees ________.

A)need to be closely controlled to work effectively
B)enjoy work
C)seek out and accept responsibility
D)prefer autocratic supervisors

Question 11

In the study of motivation,quality is irrelevant to the energy element.

Question 12

Some people are motivated and some are not.

Question 13

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Quarter," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs.

A)safety
B)self-actualization
C)esteem
D)psychological

Question 14

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,a person's needs for self-respect,autonomy,achievement,status,recognition,and attention constitute his ________ needs.

A)safety
B)self-actualization
C)social
D)esteem

Question 15

Matthew is worried that he will not be able to pay his mortgage and feed his family since he was laid off from his production job.Which of Maslow's levels of need is a concern to Matthew?

A)self-actualization
B)esteem
C)psychological
D)physiological

Question 16

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,a person's needs for growth,achieving one's potential,and self-fulfillment,and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming constitute his or her ________ needs.

A)psychological
B)esteem
C)social
D)self-actualization

Question 17

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,________ needs are predominantly satisfied externally while ________ needs are satisfied internally.

A)physiological; safety
B)safety; self-actualization
C)self-actualization; physiological
D)social; safety

Question 18

Define motivation and discuss the three elements of motivation.

Question 19

Which of the following needs is a higher-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)social
D)safety

Question 20

Which of the following needs is the highest in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

A)safety needs
B)self-actualization needs
C)esteem needs
D)social needs

Question 21

The employees at KLM Company are complaining that the supervisors tend to pick favorites within their departments.Company policies are not equally enforced and the favorites are not disciplined for safety violations.These employees are complaining about ________.

A)Theory X management
B)hygiene factors
C)intrinsic factors
D)equity theory

Question 22

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards.

A)control
B)affiliation
C)power
D)achievement

Question 23

John knows his more experienced workers don't need him to "babysit" them; he trusts them to know what to do,how to do it,and to get it done on time.In this respect,John is a ________ manager.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)Two-factor

Question 24

The need for ________ is similar to Maslow's need for ________.

A)affiliation; safety
B)power; esteem
C)achievement; self-actualization
D)affirmation; esteem

Question 25

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A)recognition
B)advancement
C)working conditions
D)responsibility

Question 26

McGregor's Theory Y assumes that employees ________.

A)have little ambition
B)want to avoid responsibility
C)enjoy work
D)need to be closely controlled to work effectively

Question 27

According to the three-needs theory,the best managers tend to be ________.

A)low in the need for affiliation
B)low in the need for power
C)high in the need for affection
D)high in the need for achievement

Question 28

You are acting as manager and mentor to Melanie,an employee who has been identified as a high achiever.Going by McClelland's three-needs theory,which of the following measures would best help you motivate Melanie to do her best?

A)promising her a promotion and a raise if she reaches her targets
B)giving her a job that holds her personally responsible for finding solutions to problems
C)setting goals that are just out of her reach
D)giving her a managerial position that requires her to help others accomplish their goals

Question 29

Bob is a social butterfly.He often leaves his workstation to chat with coworkers.He volunteers for every problem-solving team and enjoys planning the annual summer employee picnic.Bob has ________.

A)a low need for safety
B)a high need for esteem
C)a low need for power
D)a high need for affiliation

Question 30

The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motives in work.

A)psychological
B)acquired
C)safety
D)innate

Question 31

Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction ________ factors; when these factors are adequate,people won't be dissatisfied,but they won't be satisfied either.

A)intrinsic
B)hygiene
C)motivating
D)dissatisfiers

Question 32

Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that ________.

A)intrinsic factors cause job dissatisfaction
B)extrinsic factors have the maximum effect on job satisfaction
C)extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction
D)intrinsic factors have little effect on job satisfaction

Question 33

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.

A)belonging
B)affiliation
C)affection
D)achievement

Question 34

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory,which of the following is a motivator?

A)working conditions
B)salary
C)responsibility
D)security

Question 35

Irene,CEO of a small company,strongly believes in Douglas McGregor's assumptions about human nature.Which of the following management practices is Irene most likely to favor to maximize employee motivation?

A)a top-down decision-making structure
B)a stringent system of monitoring and controlling employees
C)making jobs narrower in scope and shallow in depth
D)participatory management

Question 36

People with a high need for achievement ________.

A)emphasize helping others accomplish their goals
B)make good managers,especially in large organizations
C)prefer moderately challenging goals
D)emphasize the rewards of success

Question 37

Which of the following are the three needs identified in the three-needs theory of motivation?

A)need for achievement,need for admiration,need for power
B)need for achievement,need for power,need for affiliation
C)need for power,need for achievement,need for affection
D)need for power,need for affirmation,need for affiliation

Question 38

Tiffany is usually the person who takes charge of the situation and gets people moving toward the group's objective.Tiffany probably has a high need for ________.

A)control
B)power
C)achievement
D)admiration

Question 39

According to the three-needs theory,the need for ________ is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise.

A)control
B)leadership
C)power
D)achievement

Question 40

Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A)Herzberg believed that the factors that lead to job satisfaction were the same as those that lead to job dissatisfaction.
B)To motivate people,Herzberg suggested emphasizing the hygiene factors of a job.
C)Satisfaction is not the opposite of dissatisfaction.
D)According to Herzberg,removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job will invariably make that job more satisfying and motivating.

Question 41

________ theory says that behavior is a function of its consequences.

A)Reinforcement
B)Expectancy
C)Equity
D)Two-factor

Question 42

The goal-setting theory states that ________.

A)employee participation in goal-setting is not always necessary for ensuring performance
B)self-generated feedback is largely ineffective as a motivator
C)in order to maximize performance,goals must not be made public
D)motivation is maximized by setting moderately challenging goals

Question 43

Goal-setting theory assumes that an individual is committed to the goal.Commitment is most likely when ________.

A)goals are assigned and not self-set
B)goals are not made public
C)the individual has an internal locus of control
D)the individual has low self-efficacy

Question 44

In the context of the reinforcement theory,reinforcers are ________.

A)those consequences that immediately follow a behavior and increase the probability that the behavior will be repeated
B)punishments or rewards that are given out for negative or positive employee behavior,respectively
C)the specific,unambiguous goals that have been set for employees as a standard for measuring their performance
D)the supervisors or managers who have the responsibility of monitoring and reinforcing desired employee behavior

Question 45

Joseph,a line manager at a plant,believes that his workers have little drive and will not work unless pushed by him.Therefore,he closely monitors and controls their work and disciplines those who do not meet his standards.Joseph is a Theory Y manager.

Question 46

At his last performance evaluation,Elliott agreed to earn 20 continuing education credits before his next annual review.Ten months later,he still has not earned any.From this lack of action,we can infer that ________.

A)Elliott works in a low uncertainty avoidance culture
B)Elliott is low in self-efficacy
C)Elliott's manager is a Theory Y manager
D)Elliott was not committed to the goal

Question 47

Despite the quantity of empirical evidence in its support,managers have largely ignored Herzberg's two factor theory when designing jobs.

Question 48

To help her new supervisors remember the concept of reinforcement theory,Carol told them to remember this: ________.

A)What gets measured gets monitored
B)What gets rewarded gets repeated
C)Whatever can go wrong will
D)No good deed goes unpunished

Question 49

Write a short essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs by first describing the needs and then discussing how these needs are interrelated according to the theory.How can managers use this theory to motivate employees?

Question 50

As manager of a large team of engineers,you notice that your team is falling short of its goals primarily because several team members are either not motivated to put in their best or are downright dissatisfied with their jobs.You have decided to follow Herzberg's two-factor theory to motivate your employees.What steps can you take to maximize motivation?

Question 51

Goal-setting theory says that ________.

A)goals should be loosely defined and moderately challenging to maximize motivation
B)a generalized goal of "do your best" is likely to be most effective in ensuring high performance
C)difficult goals,when accepted,result in higher performance than do easy goals
D)to be effective,goals set should be easily achievable for the top performers

Question 52

The goal-setting theory has most value in countries where ________.

A)there is low uncertainty avoidance
B)there is high power distance
C)individuals are low in assertiveness
D)subordinates are reasonably independent

Question 53

In a familiar children's book,a little locomotive was asked to pull a heavy train up a steep mountain.The "little engine," as he was called,kept telling himself "I think I can.I think I can." The little engine was ________.

A)high in need for affiliation
B)low in commitment
C)high in self-efficacy
D)low in risk avoidance

Question 54

The goal-setting theory has the most value when ________.

A)the individual is a high achiever
B)the goals are assigned to the individual
C)the individual has low self-efficacy
D)commitment to goals is made public

Question 55

Research clearly indicates that the Theory Y manager is more effective in motivating employees than the Theory X manager.

Question 56

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,once a need is substantially satisfied,that need no longer motivates the individual.

Question 57

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,lower-order needs are predominantly satisfied internally while higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

Question 58

Michelle supervises six very diverse workers.They are male,female,older,younger,different ethnic groups and nationalities,and in different life stages.How might Michelle use the various theories of motivation to keep her workers inspired?

Question 59

People with a high need for achievement strive for the trappings and rewards of success rather than for personal accomplishment.

Question 60

Frederick Herzberg found that when employees were dissatisfied,they tended to cite extrinsic factors arising from the job context such as company policy and administration,supervision,interpersonal relationships,and working conditions.

Question 61

In the job characteristics model,________ refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

A)task significance
B)skill variety
C)autonomy
D)task identity

Question 62

The way tasks are combined to form complete jobs is referred to as ________.

A)job evaluation
B)job rotation
C)job design
D)job specification

Question 63

The last worker in the assembly line put on the tires and tightened the lug nuts.When asked what he did,he replied,"I build tractors." For this worker,his position included ________.

A)high task identity
B)high task variety
C)high autonomy
D)high feedback

Question 64

In the job characteristics model,task significance refers to the degree to which a job ________.

A)provides freedom,independence,and discretion to the individual in carrying out the work
B)requires a variety of activities and uses a number of different employee skills and talents
C)requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
D)has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people

Question 65

________ refers to the vertical expansion of a job by adding planning and evaluating responsibilities.

A)Job enrichment
B)Job enlargement
C)Job scope
D)Job depth

Question 66

According to the JCM,which job characteristic leads to an employee experiencing responsibility for outcomes of his or her work?

A)task significance
B)autonomy
C)feedback
D)skill variety

Question 67

Sarah is using the JCM to redesign jobs for her small team of writers.After carefully analyzing their jobs,she determines that while their jobs are high in skill variety,task identity,task significance,and autonomy,they receive little feedback about their work.Which of the following steps will enable Sarah to improve this aspect of their jobs?

A)adding editing and proofreading duties to their existing work
B)allowing the writers to directly conduct business with their clients
C)allowing writers to choose their topics and assignments
D)making employees responsible for executing a piece of work from start to finish

Question 68

________ refers to the degree of control employees have over their work.

A)Task identity
B)Task significance
C)Job scope
D)Job depth

Question 69

In the job characteristics model,the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which doing work activities required by a job results in an individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.

A)task significance
B)feedback
C)task identity
D)autonomy

Question 70

________ refers to the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated.

A)Job scope
B)Job depth
C)job enlargement
D)job enrichment

Question 71

According to the JCM,which job characteristic results in the employee knowing about the actual results of his or her work activities?

A)task significance
B)autonomy
C)feedback
D)skill variety

Question 72

As a flower arranger,Beth doesn't have to wait for someone to tell her.She can look at an arrangement and know whether she did a good job.Beth's job has ________.

A)low task significance
B)low skill variety
C)high feedback
D)high autonomy

Question 73

According to the JCM,which three job characteristics are crucial to an employee experiencing meaningfulness of his or her work?

A)autonomy,task identity,and task significance
B)skill variety,task identity,and task significance
C)autonomy,feedback,and task significance
D)skill variety,autonomy,and feedback

Question 74

________ refers to the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope,or the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which those tasks are repeated.

A)Job enrichment
B)Job scope
C)Job enlargement
D)Job depth

Question 75

Which of the following actions accurately reflects the reinforcement theory of motivation?

A)A company's policy of cutting a day's pay if an employee reports to work later than 10.30 A.M.
B)A company's policy of giving its sales staff cash coupons for exceeding their daily targets.
C)A company initiating a process of job redesign to engage its employees better.
D)A company setting specific and difficult goals and ensuring that employees accept them.

Question 76

In the job characteristics model,the dimension of ________ refers to the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom,independence,and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.

A)task significance
B)autonomy
C)task identity
D)skill variety

Question 77

At 3M,workers are allowed up to 15% of their paid time to devote to projects of their own choosing.For that time,workers have ________.

A)high task identity
B)high task significance
C)high autonomy
D)low feedback

Question 78

"In jobs today,employees rely more and more on those around them for information,advice,and assistance." Which of the following approaches to job design best reflects this statement?

A)the relational perspective of work design
B)the job characteristics model
C)the proactive perspective of work design
D)high involvement work practices

Question 79

Which of the following is true about job enlargement and job enrichment?

A)Job enlargement efforts that focus solely on increasing the number of tasks are largely effective in increasing employee motivation.
B)Research shows that job enrichment improves employee motivation and satisfaction.
C)Expanding the scope of knowledge used in a job leads to more job satisfaction,enhanced customer service,and fewer errors.
D)Research shows that job enrichment is very useful in improving the quality of work of employees.

Question 80

"We can't pay much but our clients could not manage without people like you in their lives." This statement indicates that the position has ________.

A)low self-efficacy
B)high task significance
C)high task identity
D)high feedback