Deck 29: searching for the Fountain of Youth

Question 1

Approximately how long would a person's life be prolonged if he or she did not start consuming a calorie-restricted diet until the age of 55 years?

A) 4 months
B) 1 year
C) 5 years
D) 10 years

Answer 1

A

Question 2

There are concerns that starting a calorie-restricted diet in early adulthood would

A) increase muscle mass, thereby increasing energy reserves for times of severe caloric-restriction.
B) lower metabolic rate, thereby increasing the potential for storing excess energy as fat later in life.
C) decrease visceral fat, thereby decreasing energy reserves.
D) reduce bone density, thereby increasing risk of osteoporosis later in life.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If a person is unable to follow the restrictive plan of caloric-restricted (CR) diet then ________ can be used as an alternative practice.

A) intermittent fasting
B) binge eating
C) high-protein diets
D) low-carbohydrate diets

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Maintaining an energy-restricted diet that is high in nutrients requires significant planning and preparation of most of your own meals.

Question 5

Most of the members of the Caloric Restriction Society and the CRONies are males.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a calorie-restricted (CR) diet?

A) The reduced metabolic rate results in a significantly lower production of free radicals.
B) The reduced caloric intake results in reduced oxidative damage to DNA and other cells.
C) Caloric restriction causes marked improvement in insulin sensitivity.
D) Calorie restriction results in decreased fat mass and increased lean body mass.

Question 7

Although promising, research that could precisely study and measure the benefits of a calorie-restricted diet in humans may never be conducted because of logistical and ethical concerns.

Question 8

An evaluation of the impact of a calorie-restricted diet on health indicates only the calorie level of the diet and NOT the nutrient content that is critical to prolong life.

Question 9

Which of the following metabolic effects of caloric-restriction (CR) has NOT been reported in any of the human studies?

A) increased energy expenditure
B) a decreased fat mass and lean body mass
C) decreased insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity
D) decreased core body temperature and blood pressure

Question 10

On average, smokers die ________ years earlier than non-smokers.

A) 5-6
B) 8-9
C) 11-12
D) 13-14

Question 11

A calorie-restricted diet (CR) is defined as a diet containing 1,000 or fewer calories per day.

Question 12

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which of the following health habits does NOT promote increased longevity?

A) following a diet based on the USDA's food guidelines
B) tobacco use
C) engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily
D) maintaining a healthy weight and body composition

Question 13

The key to a successful calorie-restricted diet is to

A) consume 1,000 or fewer calories per day.
B) consume a low-kilocalorie, high nutrient-dense diet.
C) exercise at least one hour each day while eating fewer calories than usual.
D) join a support group.

Question 14

Research studies indicate that consuming which of the following supplements can cause gastrointestinal upset?

A) vitamin C
B) ginseng
C) ginkgo
D) melatonin

Question 15

Recent research suggests that it may not be energy intake that determines longevity as much as it is the

A) composition of diet.
B) energy balance.
C) energy output.
D) balance of nutrients.

Question 16

Antioxidant supplements have consistently been shown to lower rates of death from heart disease and certain types of cancer.

Question 17

There is evidence that calorie-restriction can alter gene expression in ways that reduce the effects of aging.

Question 18

One way calorie-restriction may prolong life span is through reducing metabolic rate, which results in a reduction in

A) available energy to fuel physical activity.
B) acidity of the body.
C) production of free radicals.
D) metabolic wastes that need to be dealt with.

Question 19

Preliminary research studies suggest that a calorie-restricted (CR) diet can improve metabolic measures of health in humans and, therefore, may be able to extend the human life span.

Question 20

Antioxidant supplements are not necessary and may actually be harmful.

Question 21

Human growth hormone prevents heart disease and diabetes.