Deck 9: Transformational and Charismatic Leadership

Question 1

Suggested strategies for acquiring charismatic qualities are to develop visionary skills in college courses and to practice being candid and forthright.

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Max Weber used the term "charisma" to explain a form of influence based on traditional or legal-rational authority systems.

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

While there are multiple viewpoints, most theorists view a leader's charisma as a function of followers' perceptions of leader attributes influenced by leader characteristics and behavior, but not by the context.

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

Charisma is something found solely in the leader as a psychological phenomenon.

Question 5

Max Weber believed that charismatic leadership is born out of stressful situations.

Question 6

Since charismatic leaders arise out of stressful conditions, they are perceived as having a less positive personality.

Question 7

Charisma is capable of creating both positive and negative results.

Question 8

Charismatic people are direct rather than indirect in their approach, so that there is no ambiguity about their position on issues.

Question 9

Most people agree that charisma is capable of producing only positive outcomes.

Question 10

One method for differentiating between positive and negative charisma is in terms of the values and personality of the leader.

Question 11

The charismatic leader's expertise lies in his or her being persuasiveness in influencing followers that change for the better because of the likelihood of success.

Question 12

Followers of charismatic leaders tend to assume greater risk than they would with other types of followers.

Question 13

Typically, all charismatic leaders are good leaders.

Question 14

People such as Adolf Hitler and Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group, are examples of leaders who were born with charisma.

Question 15

The increased environmental turbulence, uncertainty, and global competition over the last two decades has resulted in less interest in charismatic and transformational leadership.

Question 16

Charisma is a trait that cannot be acquired through training.

Question 17

The charismatic leader is seen as an object of identification by followers who try to emulate his or her behavior.

Question 18

Charismatic leaders receive their followers' acceptance conditional on receiving some external reward such as money or financial gain.

Question 19

Followers of charismatic leaders assume greater risk than they would under other types of leaders.

Question 20

The self-glorification motive is based on self-confidence and self-enhancement.

Question 21

Charismatic leaders empower followers by building their self-interest.

Question 22

A primary difference between a charismatic and transformational leader is that the former articulates a visions of the future that is better than the present.

Question 23

The first step of the transformation process is to inspire a shared vision.

Question 24

The transformational leadership process revolves around the leader-member exchange (LMX).

Question 25

Transformational leaders are viewed as visionaries while transactional leaders are viewed as task and reward oriented.

Question 26

Charismatic leaders most often use position power to motivate followers.

Question 27

Negative charismatic leaders emphasize personal identification rather than internalization.

Question 28

Transformational leadership focuses largely on follower attributions rather than on the leader's vision.

Question 29

Transactional leadership behavior has a greater positive effect on follower moral development identity than does transformational leadership behavior.

Question 30

Vision is the ability to imagine different and better conditions and the ways to achieve them.

Question 31

Charismatic leaders such as Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group, frequently promote themselves and their vision.

Question 32

Transactional leadership mostly caters to followers' self-interest, and transformational leadership inspires followers to go beyond their own self-interests.

Question 33

Two basic differences between charismatic and transformational leadership theories are the qualities that describe the two types of leaders and the influencing behaviors they exhibit.

Question 34

The four stage transformation process includes the transformational leader's ability to maintain the status quo.

Question 35

Charismatic leaders tend to have a high risk orientation.

Question 36

The socialized charismatic leader is one who possesses an egalitarian, self-transcendent, and empowering personality.

Question 37

Personalized charismatic leaders use rewards and punishment to manipulate and control followers.

Question 38

Many charismatic leaders shy away from stories and metaphors and communicate in straightforward ways.

Question 39

Between the socialized charismatic leader (SCL) and the personalized charismatic leader (PCL), the PCL uses charisma for the benefit of others.

Question 40

Transformational leaders are brought into an organization to keep the status quo.

Question 41

Transactional leaders challenge followers to think "outside of the box."

Question 42

Unlike other types of leaders, charismatic leaders use referent power and expert power to influence followers.

Question 43

Stewardship calls for the highest level of selflessness.

Question 44

The Greek word charisma means:

A) "extraordinary quality."
B) "divinely inspired gift."
C) "exceptional ability."
D) "attribute of wisdom."

Question 45

Bass and Avilio have proposed that transformational leadership is composed of four behavior dimensions, the 4 "I"s of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation.

Question 46

Stewardship empowers followers to make decisions and to have control over their jobs while servant leadership helps them to grow professionally and personally.

Question 47

Transactional leadership occurs when managers give monthly bonuses to salespeople for meeting and exceeding their monthly sales quotas.

Question 48

Transformational leadership is also referred to contingent reward leadership.

Question 49

Helping others discover their inner spirit is an example of a servant leader's role.

Question 50

Transformational leaders such as Herb Kelleher, former CEO of Southwest Airlines, is a leader known for inspiring his employees with more conventional and formal approaches to leading.

Question 51

Stewardship is leadership that transcends self-interest to serve the needs of others, by helping them grow professionally and emotionally.

Question 52

Steward and servant leadership; have also been described as values-based leadership.

Question 53

The same leader may use both transformational and transactional leadership.

Question 54

All charismatic leaders are transformational, but not all transformational leaders are charismatic.

Question 55

Stewardship works best when there is perceived equality between leaders and followers.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is (are) true of charisma.

A) It has been called "a fire that ignites followers".
B) It is relational in nature.
C) It is found solely in the leader as a psychological phenomenon.
D) It is a social relationship between the leader and the follower.
E) a, b, and d

Question 57

Stewardship is realized when authority and decision making are centralized.

Question 58

Mark Zuckerburg, founder and CEO of Facebook, is considered to be more of a charismatic leader than a transformational leader because of his extraverted personality.

Question 59

The hallmark of servant leadership is the desire to help others.

Question 60

Transactional leadership serves to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new organization could be.

Question 61

An effect of charismatic leadership on followers is to cause them to:

A) Assume greater risk.
B) set or accept higher goals.
C) have greater confidence in their ability to contribute to the achievement of goals.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 62

Socialized charismatic leaders:

A) pursue leader-driven goals.
B) promote feelings of empowerment, personal growth, and equal participation in followers.
C) restrict information.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 63

In the four stage model of the transformation process, which of the following is the first stage?

A) Institutionalize change
B) Challenge the status quo and make a convincing case for change
C) Inspire a shared vision of the future
D) Provide effective leadership during the change

Question 64

Max Weber and the term "charisma" to explain a form of influence based on:

A) traditional authority systems.
B) follower perceptions.
C) leader-member exchange.
D) legal-rational authority systems.

Question 65

Transformational leaders are often seen as:

A) visionaries.
B) risk-takers.
C) change agents of the status quo.
D) Task and reward-oriented.
E) A, b, and c

Question 66

Some scholars refer to transactional leaders as

A) charismatic
B) managers
C) CEOs
D) enforcers

Question 67

____ leadership seeks to maintain stability within an organization through regular economic and social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both the leaders and their followers.

A) Transformational
B) Transactional
C) Servant
D) Charismatic

Question 68

The ____ charismatic leader is one who possesses an egalitarian, self-transcendent, and empowering personality.

A) socialized
B) individualized
C) personalized
D) none of the answers are correct

Question 69

Transformational leadership has been found to be positively related to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) moral development.
B) job satisfaction.
C) organizational commitment.
D) employee service performance.
E) A and d

Question 70

The debate concerning the locus of charismatic leadership states that charisma could be the result of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the emotional involvement of the followers.
B) the leader's extraordinary qualities.
C) the situation or social climate facing the leader.
D) an interaction of the situation and the leader's qualities.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT one of the behavior attributes that distinguish charismatic from noncharismatic leaders?

A) use of unconventional strategies for achieving desired change
B) dissatisfaction with the status quo
C) compelling nature of the vision
D) use of rewards and incentives for motivating followers

Question 72

Most leadership theorists today view charisma as

A) Born primarily out of stressful situations.
B) Primarily the followers' perceptions of leader attributes.
C) An ability with which one is born.
D) The result of follower attributes influenced by leader characteristics and behavior and by the context.

Question 73

Charismatic leadership is seen as an extension of ____ theory.

A) expectancy
B) reinforcement
C) attribution
D) contingency leadership

Question 74

Which of the following statements about noncharismatic leaders is NOT true?

A) Noncharismatic leaders essentially agree with the status quo and strive to maintain it.
B) The behavior of the noncharismatic leader is seen as standard and conforming to existing norms.
C) The noncharismatic leader's expertise lies in using available or conventional means to achieve existing goals.
D) a, b, and c

Question 75

Negative charismatic leaders emphasize:

A) internalization.
B) ideals.
C) devotion to themselves.
D) all of the answers are correct

Question 76

The theoretic issue of the locus of charismatic leadership asks whether:

A) charismatic leaders are born or made.
B) the precondition is in the followers' mind or in the leader's mind.
C) the vision is the compelling factor or if the energy and personal charm is the compelling factor.
D) the leadership phenomenon stems more from the leader's qualities or the situation facing the leader.

Question 77

Transactional leaders are described as all of the following EXCEPT:

A) structured.
B) passive.
C) reward-oriented.
D) influential.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a quality of charismatic leaders?

A) high risk orientation
B) minimum internal conflict
C) emotional power base
D) self-promoting personality

Question 79

Which of the following is (are) the effect(s) of charismatic leadership on followers?

A) unconditional acceptance of the leader
B) A strong sense of self confidence
C) Assume less risk
D) A and b
E) A and c

Question 80

Personalized charismatic leaders:

A) are more relationship-oriented than other leaders.
B) tend to have work groups that are more cohesive and team oriented.
C) are usually perceived as less manipulative than others.
D) do not use their power for socially beneficial causes.