Deck 24: Introduction to Genomics: Dna Sequencing on a Genomic Scale

Question 1

Using RFLP geneticists were able to map the gene for Huntington disease to a region near the end of human chromosome ________.

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Geneticists have discovered a class of STSs called ____________ that are highly polymorphic and useful as genetic markers in genetic mapping.

Answer 2

microsatellites

Question 3

In 2010,Venter and colleagues introduced an entirely synthetic M.mycoides genome into M.capricolum cells.The success of this experiment ushered in a new era of ?

Answer 3

synthetic biology

Question 4

BAC vectors are based on the E.coli F plasmid,which is normally used by the bacteria for ________________.

Question 5

The fact that the genomes of two different individuals will produce fragments of different lengths when cut with restriction enzymes is called____________.

Question 6

Which of the following types of genetic markers tend to bunch together at the ends of chromosomes?

A)VNTRs
B)a class of STSs called microsatellites
C)STSs
D)RFLPs
E)none of the above

Question 7

An _____________ is a sequence of bases that,if translated in one reading frame,contains no stop codons for a relatively long distance.

Question 8

The process by which a library of clones with different size inserts is first DNA sequenced and then a computer is used to piece the DNA sequences together is called________.

Question 9

Comparison of the genomes of humans and our closest living relative,the chimpanzee,has identified a few DNA regions that have changed rapidly since the two species diverged.Which statement below accurately depicts the thing that sets humans apart from chimpanzees.

A)the few regions that have rapidly changed are all protein-encoding genes
B)humans have been found to have many more genes than chimpanzees
C)chimpanzees have been found to have many more non-coding regions in their genome
D)the control of the genes,rather than the genes themselves are what sets humans apart from chimpanzees
E)all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is not a finding from analysis of the complete DNA sequence of human chromosome 22?

A)It contains 679 annotated genes.
B)It contains local and long range duplications.
C)It contains orthologs to the mouse chromosome.
D)It contains very little noncoding DNA.
E)It contains "poison regions" or gaps that may never get sequenced.

Question 11

The control regions of actively transcribed genes usually contain methylated CpG islands.

Question 12

The estimated total number of genes in the human genome is

A)10,000-15,000.
B)20,000-25,000.
C)40,000-50,000.
D)50,000-75,000.
E)100,000-130,000.

Question 13

A gene's coding region between the start and stop codons is referred to as a(n)___________.

Question 14

The working draft of the human genome reported that the genome contains approximately how many genes?

A)less than 1,000
B)2,000
C)5,000
D)10,000
E)20,000

Question 15

One of the first steps in the Clone-by-Clone strategy is to map the genome using chromosomal markers.Which of the following is not a marker used to map a genome?

A)YACs
B)RFLPs
C)VNTRs
D)STSs
E)ESTs

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes is used to search for CpG islands?

A)EcoRI
B)HindIII
C)HpaII
D)PvuI
E)BamHI

Question 17

The number of genes in the human genome appears to be a lot less than expected.One way for a cell to express multiple proteins from one gene is by_________________.

Question 18

Which of the following processes was used to locate the gene responsible for Huntington disease?

A)shot-gun cloning
B)positional cloning
C)genome sequencing
D)SAGE
E)proteomics

Question 19

Which of the following free living organisms has the smallest genome,containing about only 470 genes?

A)Haemophilus influenzae Rd
B)Mycoplasma genitalium
C)Methanococcus jannaschii
D)Saccharomyces cerevisiae
E)Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 20

_________ are homologous genes that have evolved from gene duplication within a species.

Question 21

BAC cloning vectors are much more useful than the pUC cloning vectors for genome sequencing because they can accept larger DNA fragments.

Question 22

Radiation hybrid mapping involves irradiation of human cells to break the chromosomes,then fusion of the dead cells with hamster cells to form hybrid cells.The further apart two markers are on a chromosome the more likely they will be found in two different hybrids.

Question 23

Genome size is a good indication of the number of genes it contains,the larger the genome the greater the number of genes.

Question 24

Positional cloning begins with mapping studies to pin down the location of the gene of interest to a reasonable small region of DNA.

Question 25

In the context of genetic mapping,mapping depends on a set of landmarks to which the position of a gene can be related.Sometimes the landmarks are genes but more often they are RFLPs.

Question 26

Using M.genitalium,Ventor and colleagues have shown that the essential gene set for life is the same size as the minimal genome to sustain a cell.

Question 27

Huntington disease is controlled by a single gene having a mutated dominant allele.

Question 28

Transposons don't appear to have played a role in the evolution of the human genome.

Question 29

A gene-finding technique exists that takes advantage of the fact that control regions of active human genes tend to be associated with unmethylated CpG sequences,compared to the CpGs in inactive regions that are almost always methylated.