Deck 22: Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Question 1

Maximal expiratory flow rates decrease during exhalation (i.e.,in going from higher to lower lung volumes)for the following reasons:

A)Intra-airway pressures increase and elastic recoil pressure increases at lower lung volumes.
B)Intra-airway pressures decrease and elastic recoil pressure increases at lower lung volumes.
C)Intra-airway pressures increase and elastic recoil pressure decreases at lower lung volumes.
D)Intra-airway pressures decrease and elastic recoil pressure decreases at lower lung volumes.
E)There is no change in intra-airway pressures or elastic recoil pressures at lower lung volumes.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following diseases is associated with concaveness of the expiratory flow volume curve?

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Pulmonary fibrosis
C)Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
D)Scoliosis
E)Paralysis of the diaphragm

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Air trapping is a sign of premature airway closure and results in:

A)Movement of the equal pressure point at low lung volumes into the intrathoracic airways.
B)Movement of the equal pressure point at low lung volumes toward the alveolus.
C)Movement of the equal pressure point at low lung volumes toward the mouth.
D)No effect on the location of the equal pressure at low lung volumes.
E)Movement of the equal pressure point from airways with cartilage to airways without cartilage.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Common pulmonary function abnormalities in individuals with moderate obstructive pulmonary disease include:

A)Normal forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (FEV₁),normal expiratory flow rates,normal ratio of residual volume (RV)to total lung capacity (TLC)
B)Increased FEV₁,increased expiratory flow rates,increased RV/TLC ratio
C)Decreased FEV₁,decreased expiratory flow rates,increased RV/TLC ratio
D)Decreased FEV₁,decreased expiratory flow rates,decreased RV/TLC ratio
E)Decreased FEV₁,normal expiratory flow rates,increased RV/TLC ratio

Question 5

The flow resistance across a set of airways is lowest under which of the following conditions?

A)Airway radius is large and airways are in series.
B)Airway radius is large and airways are in parallel.
C)Airway radius is small and airways are in series.
D)Airway radius is small and airways are in parallel.

Question 6

Which of the following factors is not associated with an increase in work of breathing?

A)An increase in tidal volume
B)An increase in respiratory rate
C)Diseases associated with airway obstruction
D)Diseases associated with loss of lung compliance
E)None of the above

Question 7

The airways most responsible for the resistance of the respiratory system (R_aw)during mouth breathing are:

A)The trachea,main stem,and lobar bronchi.
B)The terminal bronchioles.
C)The respiratory bronchioles.
D)The alveoli and alveolar ducts.

Question 8

Factors associated with higher expiratory flow rates include:

A)Low lung volume.
B)Increased lung elastic recoil.
C)Negative pleural pressure.
D)Increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
E)None of the above.

Question 9

Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with a decrease in lung compliance.Individuals with pulmonary fibrosis:

A)Have a higher airway resistance than do individuals with normal lungs.
B)Require a higher transpulmonary (translung)pressure for a change in lung volume than do individuals with normal lungs.
C)Have a shift in their oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right.
D)Have an increase in dead space.

Question 10

Common pulmonary function abnormalities in individuals with moderate restrictive lung disease include:

A)Normal FEV₁,normal expiratory flow rates,and normal RV/TLC ratio.
B)Increased FEV₁,increased expiratory flow rates,and increased RV/TLC ratio.
C)Decreased FEV₁,decreased expiratory flow rates,and increased RV/TLC ratio.
D)Decreased FEV₁,decreased expiratory flow rates,and decreased RV/TLC ratio.
E)Decreased FEV₁,normal expiratory flow rates,and increased RV/TLC ratio.