Deck 8: The Special Senses

Question 1

Rods differ from cones in that:

A)Rods function better in photopic conditions.
B)Rods are not found in the fovea.
C)There are three types of rods,each with different spectral sensitivity.
D)Rods hyperpolarize in response to light.
E)Rods,because of their synaptic connections,are capable of high spatial resolution.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A retinal off-center bipolar cell:

A)Depolarizes in response to a light in the center of its receptive field.
B)Has metabotropic glutamate receptors that close Na⁺ channels.
C)Depolarizes in response to a light in the periphery of its receptive field.
D)Is hyperpolarized by horizontal cell input.
E)Connects to ganglion cells but not horizontal cells.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A lesion in the left inferotemporal cortex would probably lead to a reduction in:

A)Face recognition in the right visual field.
B)Motion discrimination in the right visual field.
C)Color discrimination in the left visual field.
D)Motion discrimination in the left visual field.
E)Face discrimination in the left visual field.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most effective stimulus for excitation of the right horizontal semicircular canal hair cells is:

A)Constant-velocity rotation to the right.
B)Constant-velocity rotation to the left.
C)Rotatory acceleration of the head to the right.
D)Rotatory acceleration of the head to the left.
E)The same stimulus as that for the left horizontal canal hair cells.

Question 5

Detection of the frequency of a sound above 5 kHz is based on:

A)The number of fibers discharging in cranial nerve VIII.
B)The phase difference between the sound waves at the two ears.
C)The direction of deflection of the hair cell cilia.
D)The location along the cochlea of the most intensely stimulated hair cells.
E)The frequency of action potentials in cranial nerve VIII.

Question 6

Conduction deafness results from:

A)Loss of hair cells.
B)A tumor in the cochlear nucleus.
C)Demyelination of primary auditory afferent nerves.
D)Ossification in the middle ear.
E)Loss of the pathway from the medial geniculate to the auditory cortex.

Question 7

In a comparison of the chemoreceptors of the olfactory and gustatory systems,which of the following statements is not true?

A)Only the olfactory receptor cells are neurons with axons.
B)Only the taste receptor cells have ionotropic receptor mechanisms.
C)Only the olfactory receptor cells connect directly to the cerebrum.
D)Only the taste receptor cells are clustered in buds.
E)Only the olfactory receptor cells are continuously regenerated throughout life.

Question 8

The different absorbance spectra expressed by the three types of cone photoreceptors found in the human eye result from differences in:

A)The number of disc membranes found in the cone outer segments.
B)The stereoisomers of vitamin A found in the cone outer segments.
C)The type of opsins found in the cone outer segments.
D)The number of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-gated channels found in the cone inner segments.
E)The types of bipolar cells with which they synapse.

Question 9

P ganglion cells differ from M ganglion cells in that P cells:

A)Have center-surround receptive fields.
B)Respond to movement within their receptive fields.
C)Have large dendritic trees.
D)Have large receptive fields.
E)Have color-opponent receptive fields.

Question 10

Which characteristic of a vestibular hair cell is not a characteristic of an auditory hair cell?

A)Synaptic vesicles
B)Energy transduction
C)Directional sensitivity of the stereocilia
D)Axon
E)Kinocilium