Deck 6: D: Learning

Question 1

How would Watson have explained why many people have a phobia of flying on airplanes?

A)Flying is unnatural for human beings.
B)The brain has difficulty understanding how something heavy can fly.
C)Extensive news coverage of airplane crashes cause people to associate airplanes with danger.
D)People with a flying phobia are actually afraid of being trapped in small spaces.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Learning that occurs but is not expressed until later is called

A)observational learning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)latent learning.
D)discriminative learning.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most mornings,Becky listens to her favourite song as she gets ready for work,including putting in her contact lenses.One afternoon,Becky hears her favourite song playing,and her eyes start watering-something that usually only happens when she puts in her contacts.If this is an example of classical conditioning,what is the unconditioned stimulus?

A)eye watering
B)Becky's contacts
C)the song
D)getting ready for work

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A rat is conditioned to press a lever for food.One day,a food pellet jams in the automatic feeder and the rat no longer receives food after pressing the lever.After a few minutes,the rat eventually stops pressing the lever.This is an example of

A)negative reinforcement.
B)extinction.
C)classical conditioning.
D)avoidance learning.

Question 5

In classical conditioning,a(n)_____ becomes a(n)_____,which elicits a response.

A)neutral stimulus;conditioned stimulus
B)neutral stimulus;unconditioned stimulus
C)unconditioned stimulus;conditioned stimulus
D)unconditioned stimulus;neutral stimulus

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes our current understanding of the relationship between exposure to media violence and future aggression?

A)There is no relationship between media violence and aggression.
B)Media violence clearly causes aggression.
C)There is a positive correlation between media violence and aggression.
D)There is a negative correlation between media violence and aggression.

Question 7

The word <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>negative</i> in the term negative reinforcement refers to

A)the removal of a stimulus.
B)an unwanted conditioned behaviour.
C)the use of punishment.
D)the use of an unpleasant stimulus.

Question 8

An important distinction between classical and operant conditioning is that

A)classical conditioning involves voluntary responding to stimuli,while operant conditioning involves involuntary responding to stimuli.
B)classical conditioning involves reinforcement of behaviour,while operant conditioning involves punishment of behaviour.
C)classical conditioning involves cognitive learning of behaviours,while operant conditioning involves associative learning of behaviours.
D)responding does not affect the presentation of stimuli in classical conditioning,but in operant conditioning responding has consequences.

Question 9

Salivating in response to the specific bell that was used during training,but not to any other bells,is an example of

A)generalization.
B)extinction.
C)operant conditioning.
D)discrimination.

Question 10

All other things being equal,an animal trained on which of the following schedules of reinforcement should experience extinction most quickly when the reinforcement is removed?

A)fixed-interval schedule
B)fixed-ratio schedule
C)variable-ratio schedule
D)variable-interval schedule