Deck 19: Mental Practice

Question 1

The neuromuscular explanation for the effectiveness of mental practice has been supported by research showing:

A) EMG activity in muscles even though the limbs aren't moving
B) Increased blood flow to appropriate muscles during mental practice
C) Muscle activity that causes limbs to move involuntarily
D) Muscle spasm activity during mental practice

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Imagery that involves feeling the movements of a skill is known as ________ imagery.

Answer 2

kinesthetic

Question 3

One reason for proposing a neuromuscular explanation for the benefit of mental practice is that ________ activity has been observed in limbs during mental practice.

Answer 3

EMG [Also acceptable: muscle]

Question 4

Of the two types of imagery that have been categorized, the one that involves people experiencing the sensations that could be expected in an actual performance situation is called ________ imagery.

Question 5

A term that can be used synonymously with mental practice is ________.

Question 6

Research has shown that mental practice is effective as a performance preparation strategy but not as an aid to learning a new motor skill.

Question 7

Mental practice can be expected to be effective early in learning a motor skill because the early stage of learning relates well to the ________ explanation of the mental practice effect.

Question 8

Research suggests that imagery ability:

A) Has no relationship to mental practice effectiveness
B) Is related to mental practice effectiveness for some, but not all skills
C) Is not related to mental practice effectiveness
D) Has a positive correlation with mental practice effectiveness

Question 9

Two roles for mental practice related to motor skills are aiding in the acquisition of skills and in the ________ for performing skills.

Question 10

In the Singer five-step learning strategy, _______ of the five steps involve elements of mental practice.

Question 11

The terms mental practice and meditation can be used interchangeably.

Question 12

In a physical rehabilitation setting, the experiment by

Question 13

In most experiments investigating mental practice and motor skill learning, mental practice alone typically results in learning that is ________ than no physical practice.

Question 14

The Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ) has been established to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess:

A) The brain activity explanation for the benefit of mental practice
B) The cognitive explanation for the benefit of mental practice
C) The neuromuscular explanation for the benefit of mental practice
D) Visual and kinesthetic imagery abilities

Question 15

In experiments that compare all-mental practice to all-physical practice and no practice conditions, results typically show that participants in the all-mental practice condition learn the skill:

A) As well as those in the all-physical practice condition, but better than those in the no practice condition
B) Better than those in either the all-physical practice or the no practice conditions
C) Not as well as those in the all-physical practice condition and about the same as those in the no practice condition
D) Not as well as those in the all-physical practice condition, but better than those in the no practice condition

Question 16

A person who visually imagines himself or herself performing a skill from the perspective of an observer performs this type of mental practice:

A) External imagery
B) Internal imagery
C) Kinesthetic imagery
D) Out-of-body imagery

Question 17

The cognitive explanation for the mental practice effect is consistent with the role cognitive activity plays in:

A) All stages of learning
B) The first stage of learning
C) The later stages of learning
D) Any stage of learning

Question 18

When skilled athletes were surveyed about their use of mental imagery, which general type of imagery did they tend to use most often?

A) Cognitive
B) Motivation
C) Somatosensory
D) The type of imagery used was sport-specific

Question 19

In an experiment that compares combination mental-physical practice to all-mental practice, all-physical practice, and a no practice conditions, results show that participants in the combination mental-physical practice condition learn the skill:

A) Better than those in the all-physical practice condition
B) Not as well as the all-physical practice, but generally better than all-mental practice
C) Similar to those in the all-mental practice condition
D) Not as well as those in the no practice condition

Question 20

The role of mental practice in Singer's Five-Step General Learning Strategy is most apparent when learners:

A) Visually and kinesthetically image the performance of the skill
B) Mentally concentrate on one relevant cue
C) Increase their arousal level
D) Evaluate the performance outcome

Question 21

Research has demonstrated that mental imagery ability is an individual-difference variable that influences the success of mental practice.

Question 22

When mental practice involves visual imagery, it can take the form of internal or external imagery.

Question 23

When mental practice trials and physical practice trials are included in practice sessions, skill learning can be as good as when the same number of trials involve only physical practice.

Question 24

The effectiveness of the Singer five-step general learning strategy for learning a motor skill has been demonstrated in experiments that have compared the retention and transfer effects of using the strategy and not using the strategy.

Question 25

Only the brain activity hypothesis is generally accepted as an explanation of the effectiveness of mental practice for motor skill learning and performance.