Marketing 13th Edition by Gary Armstrong, Philip Kotler

Exercise 6

For years, electrical current has been used to treat brain dis-orders such as depression, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Traditional electrical treatment methods are invasive and re-quire sending large currents or implanting devices in users' brains to achieve positive results. Recent studies have shown, however, that sending noninvasive low-dose electric current powered by a nine-volt battery through the brains of adults and children helps them to learn math and languages better.
For as little as $55, you can purchase your own transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) device to get better grades in school. The Brain Stimulator tDCS Basic Kit allows users to select between four different current levels and a nice blue headband or cap to hold the electrodes next to your skull. The buyer should beware, however, because these devices have been neither reviewed nor approved by the Food and Drug Administration as medical devices.
What is the Food and Drug Administration's stance on these types of devices and other products, such as herbal supplements, marketed as cognitive enhancers? (AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking)