When There Are Limits on the Usefulness of Direct, Personal

Multiple Choice

When there are limits on the usefulness of direct, personal supervision by managers, organizations have to find other ways to control their activities. In such a situations, which of the following, typically, is the first step taken by the organizations?

A) decreasing the level of standardization
B) increasing the level of horizontal differentiation
C) increasing the division of labor
D) increasing the span of control