An Organization Is Employing More and More Managers but Profitability

Multiple Choice

An organization is employing more and more managers but profitability is not increasing. The managers of the organization are not willing to accept that the lack of increase in profitability is the result of their inefficiency. Rather, the managers argue that they are positioning the organization for future growth by putting in place the infrastructures to support future development. Which of the following cognitive biases is being experienced by these managers?

A) representativeness
B) halo effect
C) frequency
D) ego-defensiveness