Which of the Following Guidelines Applies to the Prehospital Administration

Multiple Choice

Which of the following guidelines applies to the prehospital administration of IV fluids in the patient with hemorrhagic shock?

A) Administer hypertonic saline solution or colloids at a keep-open rate.
B) Administer synthetic oxygen-carrying fluids as necessary to increase the level of consciousness.
C) Begin with a 2,000 mL bolus of isotonic crystalloid solution infused under pressure.
D) Administer isotonic crystalloid fluids only as necessary to maintain perfusion.