Which of the Following Guidelines Applies to Prehospital Fluid Resuscitation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following guidelines applies to prehospital fluid resuscitation of hypotensive patients with intraabdominal hemorrhage?

A) In most cases, fluid administration should be limited to 3 liters.
B) IV access should be obtained using a saline lock, but fluid resuscitation is contraindicated in the prehospital setting.
C) Fluid administration rate should be titrated to maintain a systolic blood pressure of 60 mmHg.
D) IV access is necessary only if the use of PASG fails to improve the patient's clinical condition.