A 76-Year-Old Patient with Acute Interstitial Nephritis Presents with Oliguria

Multiple Choice

A 76-year-old patient with acute interstitial nephritis presents with oliguria, altered mental status, and edema to his face, hands, and feet. Of the following, which best describes the pathophysiology behind these clinical findings?

A) Increased GFR results in retention of water, electrolytes, and metabolic waste.
B) Na⁺ and K⁺ excretion results in diuresis and dehydration.
C) Decreased GFR results in retention of water, electrolytes, and metabolic waste.
D) H⁺ excretion results in diuresis and alkalosis.