Elrod Has Been Going on Drinking Binges for Two Months

Multiple Choice

Elrod has been going on drinking binges for two months. He has been missing work and coming in late for work (to sleep off the hangovers) and he has been more argumentative with his friends and coworkers. He does not seem to realize how the drinking is interfering with his life. At this point he has not developed tolerance or withdrawal symptoms. His level of drinking ______.

A) does not yet quality as an abuse or dependence problem
B) is characteristic of substance abuse
C) is characteristic of psychological dependence
D) is characteristic of physical dependence