Drew Is Unable to Recall Whether Lincoln's Head Faces Left

Multiple Choice

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for Drew's memory failure? 

A) The information is difficult to retrieve, because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in Drew's long-term memory.
B) The information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in Drew's long-term memory.
C) The information was not encoded, because Drew never really paid attention to Lincoln's head on the penny.
D) The information was immediately displaced from Drew's working memory after it was encoded.