Question 1

Which of the following qualifies as empirically-based knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition
B)   insight
C)   logical consistency
D)   observed actions D

Question 2

Which of the following is one of the text's unifying themes related to the subject matter of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychology is theoretically diverse
B)   psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
C)   heredity and environment jointly influence behavior
D)   psychology is empirical C

Question 3

The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations BEST describes a person's

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural heritage.
B)   legal heritage.
C)   religious heritage.
D)   sociohistorical heritage. A

Question 4

____________________ is based on the belief that psychology should investigate the purpose of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is based on the belief that...

Question 5

B.
F. Skinner's conclusion that "free will is an illusion" was based on his belief that people are under the control of their ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of B.
F. Skinner's conclusion that "free will is...

Question 6

Which of the following statements is LEAST consistent with the position that reality is highly subjective?

Accepted Answer

A)   People tend to perceive what they expect to perceive.
B)   The nature of reality is the same for most people because of innate mechanisms.
C)   We tend to impose organization on the stimuli that we pay attention to.
D)   The perception of sights and sounds is an active process.

Question 7

Today psychologists generally accept the idea that behavior is exceedingly complex and that it is governed by a complex network of interacting factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The development of psychology as a science has been influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   historical factors but not social factors.
B)   social factors but not historical factors.
C)   neither historical nor social factors.
D)   both historical and social factors.

Question 9

Based on an evolutionary analysis of spatial skills, you should predict that Jill will be better than Jack at

Accepted Answer

A)   mentally rotating visual images.
B)   remembering locations.
C)   reading a map.
D)   learning a maze.

Question 10

____________________ includes socially shared values and norms that are transmitted across generations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ includes socially shared values and norms...

Question 11

Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and humanist assumptions about human nature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and...

Question 12

Psychology is both the ____________________ that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the ____________________ that applies the accumulated knowledge to practical problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychology is both the ____________________ that studies...

Question 13

Saying out loud the answers to key questions in the textbook constitutes which of the following steps in the SQ3R method?

Accepted Answer

A)   read
B)   recite
C)   review
D)   survey

Question 14

Your text identifies four unifying themes that relate to psychology's subject matter. Identify each of these themes and show how each theme might be relevant in investigating clinical depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your text identifies four unifying themes that...

Question 15

Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of empiricism?

Accepted Answer

A)   documentation
B)   speculation
C)   skepticism
D)   observation

Question 16

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic factors and experience interact to shape behavior.
B)   our cultural backgrounds exert a considerable influence over our behavior.
C)   motives and expectations can color our experiences.
D)   theoretical diversity is an important component in science.

Question 17

Which of the following BEST describes the unifying theme that "psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context"?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychology develops in a cultural vacuum
B)   psychological research and theories have an impact on society
C)   social trends and values have an impact on psychology
D)   psychology and society both influence each other

Question 18

Which of the following BEST characterizes people's understanding of reality?

Accepted Answer

A)   highly objective
B)   highly subjective
C)   genetically determined
D)   a passive process

Question 19

Dr. Scarply believes that if all violent programming were banned, aggressive behavior would almost completely disappear. This type of explanation for the prevalence of aggressive behavior is inconsistent with the view that

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
B)   heredity and the environment jointly influence behavior.
C)   perception is often subjective.
D)   behavior is determined by multiple causes.

Question 20

For John B. Watson, the appropriate subject matter of psychology was

Accepted Answer

A)   animal behavior.
B)   the unconscious.
C)   consciousness.
D)   human physiology.

Exam 2: The Evolution of Psychology Part 2