Heavy Smoking Destroys Pseudostratified Ciliated Epithelium in the Trachea ("Windpipe")

Multiple Choice

Heavy smoking destroys pseudostratified ciliated epithelium in the trachea ("windpipe") . Which of these conditions might occur in the trachea if replacement epithelial cells were not ciliated?

A) accumulation of mucus in the trachea
B) accumulation of foreign particles in the trachea
C) increased coughing
D) Both accumulation of foreign particles in the trachea and increased coughing would be expected.
E) All of these would be expected.