How Does the Renal Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism Allow the Creation

Multiple Choice

How does the renal countercurrent multiplier mechanism allow the creation of a concentrated urine?

A) It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitium into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
B) It transports urea from the medullary interstitium into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
C) By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitium, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
D) By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
E) When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitium and water follows, concentrating the urine.