Roger Wants to Study Whether the Level of Personal Income

Multiple Choice

Roger wants to study whether the level of personal income predicts happiness.He operationally defines income as "the gross amount of money a person earns in a calendar year." He operationally defines happiness as "the ability of that person to stand on one leg for longer than 3 minutes." What is glaringly wrong with Roger's study?

A) It lacks validity;income can be measured,but happiness cannot.
B) It lacks reliability;the operational definitions of the properties under study produce inconsistent measurements.
C) It lacks validity;the operational definition of happiness is unrelated to the underlying property of happiness.
D) It lacks reliability;it is difficult to precisely measure both income and happiness.