Manute Has Often Done Well on Math Tests in the Past

Multiple Choice

Manute has often done well on math tests in the past. However, the latest concepts in his math course have been very difficult for him, and he is uncertain about whether he will be able to do well on the upcoming exam. All he finds himself able to think about is how a failure on the test would be harmful to his sense of himself as a math scholar. The night before the test, a friend invites Manute to go to a party. What does research on self-handicapping suggest Manute will do?

A) go with the friend to the party only if the friend has a negative view of Manute
B) go with the friend to the party only if the friend has a positive view of Manute
C) go to the party, stay up late, and drink and smoke as much as possible
D) decline to go to the party, study hard for the test, and put forward his best effort