Vaughan and Lanzetta's (1981)study Required Participants to Observe Someone Receiving

Multiple Choice

Vaughan and Lanzetta's (1981) study required participants to observe someone receiving supposed electric shocks.Some,but not all,of the participants were required to make a pained expression whenever the shock was implemented.The results indicated that compared with those students who were not required to make a pained expression,those who did perspired more and had faster heart rates whenever they saw the shock being delivered.With which theory are the results of this study consistent?

A) self-presentation theory
B) self-consistency theory
C) cognitive dissonance theory
D) self-perception theory