A Researcher Randomly Assigns a Group of Male and Female

Multiple Choice

A researcher randomly assigns a group of male and female college students to either gossip about their friends or to play a game of basketball.Afterward,the researcher administers the students a measure of happiness.The finding is that students who played basketball are happier than those who gossiped.What is the MOST likely cause of this outcome?

A) Men were happier overall than women.
B) Students who like to play sports were happier than students who don't like to play sports.
C) Playing basketball made students happier than gossiping did.
D) The people in the basketball-playing condition were already happier to begin with.