Question 1

Which condition is associated with the buildup of tau protein in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Vascular dementia 
B) Parkinson's disease 
C) Alzheimer's disease 
D) Frontotemporal dementia D

Question 2

While reviewing the medical history of a client with diabetes,a nurse finds that the client has impaired renal function.Which medication in the client's prescription does the nurse suspect to be replaced?

Accepted Answer

A) Aspirin 
B) Metformin 
C) Insulin lispro 
D) None of the above B

Question 3

While reviewing the case file of an older client,a nurse finds that the client's vitamin B12 deficiency is untreated.Which change in the nervous system does the nurse suspect to cause gait instability and paresthesias in the client?

Accepted Answer

A) Degeneration of neurons 
B) Lack of acetylcholine in the hippocampus lobe 
C) Abnormalities in the basal ganglia of the midbrain 
D) Demyelination of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord D

Question 4

An older client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.Which comorbid disease in the client does a nurse suspect to be the cause for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Esophagitis 
B) Atherosclerosis 
C) Diabetes mellitus 
D) Both C and B

Question 5

An older client is frequently complaining of constipation to a nurse.Which age-related change in the gastrointestinal system does the nurse suspect to be the cause?

Accepted Answer

A) Stomach lining atrophies 
B) Diminished amount of lactase enzyme 
C) Loss of strength of the lower esophageal sphincter 
D) Denervation in the distal portion of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 6

Flattened villi of the intestine in older adults causes

Accepted Answer

A) Pain in the lower quadrant of the abdomen. 
B) Indigestion,gas accumulation,and diarrhea. 
C) Changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. 
D) Decreased transport of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Question 7

A registered nurse is teaching a group of students about functional consequences of physiological aging on the cardiovascular system.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) "An increased risk of arrhythmias is due to changes in conductive tissues." 
B) "The heart of an older client may have some degree of diastolic dysfunction." 
C) "A higher response of baroreceptors in arterioles is seen with increasing age." 
D) "A decreased ability of arteries to vasodilate is associated with free radical damage of cell membranes."

Question 8

A registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the factors that diminish the ability to mount a febrile response in older clients.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) "Decreased vasodilation reduces the ability to cause fever." 
B) "Decreased subcutaneous fat reduces the ability to cause fever." 
C) "Decreased ability to raise blood pressure reduces the ability to cause fever." 
D) "Decreased responsiveness of the hypothalamus reduces the ability to cause fever."

Question 9

A nurse observes that an older client with dementia demonstrates antisocial behavior and loss of social skills.Which therapy would the nurse most likely find in the client's prescription?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidepressants 
B) Antipsychotic drugs 
C) Antiplatelet drugs 
D) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 10

After reviewing the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)report of a client who has dementia with Lewy bodies,a nurse anticipates delusional behavior in the client.In which area of the brain does the nurse observe hyperperfusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Parietal region 
B) Occipital region 
C) Frontal cortex region 
D) Both A and B

Question 11

Which classes of medication are beneficial to manage the cognitive decline in a client with vascular dementia? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Antipsychotics 
B) Antidepressants 
C) Antiplatelet medications 
D) Antilipidemia medications 
E) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Question 12

The MRI and PET scan reports of an older client show cerebral atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes.Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

A) Pick's disease 
B) Vascular dementia 
C) Alzheimer's disease 
D) Dementia with Lewy bodies

Question 13

Which change in the integumentary system of older clients is responsible for difficulties in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of sweat glands 
B) Fewer sebaceous glands 
C) Decreased function of melanocytes 
D) Increased fragility of small blood vessels in the skin

Question 14

An older client who is on medications for hypertension has ankle edema and reflux esophagitis.Which medication in the client's report does the nurse expect to be replaced?

Accepted Answer

A) Diuretics 
B) ACE inhibitors 
C) Calcium channel blockers 
D) Both A and C

Question 15

The x-ray of a client shows kyphosis with collapse of the intervertebral discs.Which changes would a nurse anticipate in this client?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased stiffness of the chest wall 
B) Decreased strength of respiratory muscles 
C) Increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest 
D) Less oxygen diffusion into the pulmonary capillaries

Question 16

While reviewing the prescription of an older client with dementia,a nurse finds that the client is on carbidopa/levodopa.Which type of dementia does the nurse suspect in this client?

Accepted Answer

A) Vascular dementia 
B) Alzheimer's dementia 
C) Frontotemporal dementia 
D) Dementia with Lewy bodies

Question 17

What is multicausality?

Accepted Answer

A) The decreased ability of a cell to repair damage 
B) The progressive loss of a cell's ability to replicate over time 
C) The combination of internal processes and environmental influences 
D) Weakening of both the innate and adaptive immune system with increasing age

Question 18

Which theory explains apoptosis of the ovary?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunosenescence theory 
B) Telomere shortening theory 
C) Programmed aging of the cell 
D) Damaged-based theory of aging

Question 19

Which statement by the spouse of an older client made a nurse suspect Pick's disease in the client?

Accepted Answer

A) "My partner frequently eats paper products." 
B) "My partner has short-term memory loss." 
C) "My partner has tremors and difficulty in walking." 
D) "My partner tells me that she can see our dead ancestors daily."

Exam 46: Pathophysiologic Concepts of Aging