An Instrumentation Effect Occurs When

Multiple Choice

An instrumentation effect occurs when:

A) the instrument employed for the pretest has an effect that shows up on the posttest.
B) the measurement instrument is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
C) there is a change on the dependent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
D) the stimulus is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
E) all of these choices indicate an instrumentation effect.