Which One of the Following Statements Best Describes Behaviorists' Two-Step

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following statements best describes behaviorists' two-step theory of avoidance learning?

A) Avoidance of the aversive stimulus is negatively reinforced by the presence of the pre-aversive stimulus.
B) Remaining in the situation is punished by the aversive stimulus; avoiding it is positively reinforced by the pre-aversive stimulus.
C) Fear of the pre-aversive stimulus is classically conditioned, and escape from that stimulus is negatively reinforced.
D) Escape responses occur prior to avoidance responses.