Amino Acid Synthesis Is Possible by All Except One of the Pathways

Multiple Choice

Amino acid synthesis is possible by all except one of the pathways listed.Which is not a synthetic pathway for amino acids?

A) Amination of malonic ester followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation
B) Nucleophilic addition of NH₃ to an aldehyde followed by addition of cyanide to the imine,and,finally,hydrolysis
C) S_N2 reaction using an a-halo carboxylic acid with ammonia as the nucleophile
D) Reaction of NH₄Cl and NaCN with an aldehyde followed by an acidic work-up