Many Animals Undergo a Dramatic Metamorphosis from Larval to Adult

Multiple Choice

Many animals undergo a dramatic metamorphosis from larval to adult form. Poorly nourished animals cannot grow as fast as well-nourished animals and therefore do not reach a given mass as quickly as their well-nourished counterparts. If metamorphosis occurs when a specific minimum body mass is reached, which of the following costs is most likely incurred by a poorly nourished animal?

A) longer period of risk of predation prior to reproduction
B) reduced reproductive output as an adult
C) deformed offspring
D) offspring with poor competitive ability
E) reduced parental care