Question 1

The smallest piece of an element (like gold or lead) that still has all the properties of that element is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a quasar 
B)  an atom 
C)  an electron 
D)  a neutron 
E)  ytterbium B

Question 2

The way scientists know that a hypothesis in astronomy is a reasonable description of nature is to

Accepted Answer

A)  take a vote of astronomers around the world 
B)  consult with the oldest experts in the field 
C)  do experiments and observations about the predictions of the hypothesis 
D)  count how many scientific papers have been written about it 
E)  look it up in Wikipedia C

Question 3

The star that provides energy for life on Earth is

Accepted Answer

A)  the Moon 
B)  the Sun 
C)  Alpha Centauri 
D)  the Milky Way star 
E)  Beyonce B

Question 4

By the term universe, astronomers mean

Accepted Answer

A)  the system of the Sun, its planets and moons, and small pieces of debris that surround it 
B)  the system of 200 to 400 billion stars, of which the Sun is one 
C)  the collection of several dozen galaxies, of which the Milky Way is one 
D)  everything that we can observe 
E)  the realm inside the atom

Question 5

Of these which is the closest to us?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mars 
B)  The Moon 
C)  The Sun 
D)  The center of the Milky Way 
E)  The closest spiral galaxy

Question 6

Of these, which is the largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth 
B)  The Solar System 
C)  Jupiter 
D)  The Milky Way Galaxy 
E)  The Universe

Question 7

A light year is

Accepted Answer

A)  the time it takes light travel between the Sun and the furthest planet 
B)  the time it takes a beam of light to go completely around the Earth's orbit 
C)  the distance between the Sun and the next star 
D)  the distance that light travels in one year 
E)  how long it takes a Friday afternoon class in college to get finished

Question 8

Light travels 3 x 105 meters every second. That number in words is

Accepted Answer

A)  30 meters 
B)  3,105 meters 
C)  310 meters 
D)  300,000 meters 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

For scientists, an element (like gold) is defined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of protons in its nucleus 
B)  the number of molecules it can form 
C)  how many neutrons are orbiting its nucleus 
D)  the value of one pound on the commodities market 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

The Astronomical Unit (AU) as defined by astronomers is

Accepted Answer

A)  a distance of one light year 
B)  the average distance between the Earth and the Sun 
C)  the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun once 
D)  the distance the Earth travels in orbit in one day 
E)  the distance between Congress and the White House

Question 11

When the authors of our textbook say that astronomers are like police detectives trying to solve crimes, they are explaining that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Both astronomers and detectives work for the government 
B)  Both astronomers and detectives turn out to be wrong much of the time 
C)  Both astronomers and detectives must test their hypotheses against any evidence that they gather 
D)  Both astronomers and detectives mostly work at night 
E)  Both astronomers and detectives use expensive equipment

Question 12

You are on a camping trip, far away from city lights. You look up into the dark night sky, and see lots of stars, some brighter, some dimmer. All the stars you see with your unaided eye are

Accepted Answer

A)  in our solar system 
B)  equally close to the Sun 
C)  in the Milky Way Galaxy 
D)  outside the universe 
E)  just reflections of the Sun from a shiny surface beyond Pluto

Question 13

A large body in space that consistently makes its own light (instead of merely reflecting another body's light) is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a star 
B)  a planet 
C)  a moon 
D)  a light year 
E)  a satellite

Question 14

Even with the best and largest telescopes, we can't see all the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy, even though these same telescopes can show us other galaxies. Why is that?

Accepted Answer

A)  starlight isn't able to travel through black space 
B)  the Milky Way Galaxy turns too quickly 
C)  dust in the space between stars builds up over large distances and blocks the light of stars behind the dustier parts of the Milky Way 
D)  this is still an unsolved problem in astronomy 
E)  the lights of Bayonne, New Jersey are too bright and interfere with our observations

Question 15

The natural object (not one that humans built) in space that's closest to Earth is

Accepted Answer

A)  The Moon 
B)  The Sun 
C)  Mars 
D)  Alpha Centauri 
E)  Jupiter

Question 16

The location of the Earth in the Milky Way Galaxy is

Accepted Answer

A)  in the center of the Galaxy 
B)  on the edge of the Galaxy as far from the center as you can measure 
C)  a little less than 30,000 LY from the center 
D)  something astronomers have not yet measured 
E)  this is a trick question: the Earth is not located in the Milky Way Galaxy

Question 17

Which of the following is the Earth NOT located in?

Accepted Answer

A)  the solar system 
B)  the Milky Way Galaxy 
C)  the Local Group of galaxies 
D)  The Virgo supercluster 
E)  you can't fool me, we are located in all of the above

Question 18

All molecules (like molecules of water or carbon dioxide) are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  groups of stars 
C)  two or more atoms 
D)  very small pieces of dust, from the material that lies between the stars 
E)  baby animals that burrow underground

Question 19

A star is 230 light years away. The light we see tonight from that star left it

Accepted Answer

A)  one year ago 
B)  2.3 years ago 
C)  23 years ago 
D)  230 years ago 
E)  the time depends on which part of the sky the star is in

Question 20

The laws of nature (as determined by scientists)

Accepted Answer

A)  are constructed from many observations, hypotheses, and experiments 
B)  apply both on Earth and among the stars 
C)  can never, ever change once they are written down in textbooks 
D)  are often written in the language of mathematics 
E)  more than one of the above

Exam 1: Science and the Universe: a Brief Tour