How Would a High NADH to NAD⁺ Ratio Be Expected

Multiple Choice

How would a high NADH to NAD⁺ ratio be expected to affect the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?

A) The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme activity would increase, resulting in an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
B) The last step of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is blocked, resulting in a decrease in activity.
C) The E1 subunit is phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and the catalytic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases.
D) The pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 enzyme would increase, resulting in pyruvate dehydrogenase activation at an accelerated rate.