Research on Children in the United States Indicates That the Effects

Multiple Choice

Research on children in the United States indicates that the effects of spanking include all the following EXCEPT

A) The child may model the parent's behavior by using physical force to get what he or she wants.
B) Children who are spanked show higher academic achievment in high school.
C) The parent is undermining his or her own positive value for the child.
D) Spanking carries a strong underlying negative emotional message.
E) Children who are spanked are more emotionally unstable.