Which Model Requires the Discounting of the Company's Future Owner

Multiple Choice

Which model requires the discounting of the company's future owner earnings which are standard reported earnings after tax plus non- cash charges less the amount of expenditure on plant, machinery, and working capital needed for the firm to maintain its long- term competitive position and its unit volume, and to make investment in all new value- creating projects?

A) Controlled earnings model
B) Owner earnings model
C) Historical price to earnings model
D) Discounted income model