As Nina Lights Up Her Fifteenth Cigarette of the Day

Multiple Choice

As Nina lights up her fifteenth cigarette of the day, she glances at the surgeon general's warning on the package and shrugs, thinking, "Eh, cancer is for old people, and not only do I have good genes, the research on cigarettes causing cancer is inconclusive." It is unlikely that Nina will change her behavior and quit smoking unless __________.

A) she gets out of the self-justification cycle
B) she is diagnosed with cancer herself
C) a close family member is diagnosed with lung cancer
D) she can no longer add cognitions