The Grade a Student Received on an Examination Was Transformed

Multiple Choice

The grade a student received on an examination was transformed to a z value, which was negative. Therefore, we know that the student scored

A) higher than 16 percent of the class.
B) higher than 45 percent of the class.
C) above the first quartile.
D) below the mean.
E) lower than 16 percent of the class.