A Nurse Is Caring for a Client with Congestive Heart

Multiple Choice

A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure (CHF) who currently smokes cigarettes and has a 50 pack-year smoking history. When providing smoking cessation education to this client, which statements regarding the pathophysiology of nicotine use are appropriate? Select all that apply.

A) "In low doses, nicotine stimulates nicotinic receptors in the brain to release dopamine."
B) "In high doses, nicotine stimulates the parasympathetic system to release epinephrine, causing vasoconstriction."
C) "Initially, nicotine increases mental alertness and cognitive ability."
D) "Nicotine is a nonpsychoactive substance found in tobacco."
E) "Gradual reduction of nicotine intake appears to be the best method of cessation."