Question 1

In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color)until:

Accepted Answer

A)  Europeans needed slave labor to develop the Atlantic colonies of Madeira, the Canaries, and the Azores. 
B)  Lisbon became a significant market for enslaved Africans in the middle of the fifteenth century. 
C)  Columbus returned with indigenous people from the New World in 1492. 
D)  Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire of Mexico between 1519 and 1521. 
E)  Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan Empire of South America in 1533. B

Question 2

Leonardo da Vinci considered artists to be skilled craftsmen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal "Renaissance man"?

Accepted Answer

Leonardo was a painter,an architect,a musician,a mathematician,an engineer,and an inventor and,in this way,fulfilled the requirements of a "Renaissance man" as a man who was accomplished in many pursuits,who was cultured,and who was courteous.Da Vinci symbolized what was expected of a great man in the Renaissance as well as the changes taking place in the Renaissance.His ability to succeed in finding patrons in spite of his status as the illegitimate son of a notary reflected the social mobility of the Renaissance and the increasing worth of artistic and intellectual production.Leonardo's understanding of his craft as a creator of art,rather than a hired technician,also reflected a new understanding of the place and purpose of art in the Renaissance.His devotion to nature was also a passion of the Renaissance and enabled him to create pieces that accurately reflected not only the physical world,but also the emotion and psychological reactions of his subjects.

Question 4

European colonists on Hispaniola turned to cattle raising and sugar production because there was no gold to be found in the mines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Thomas More's Utopia was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  political treatise about the best form of government. 
B)  etiquette guide for courtiers. 
C)  light-hearted fictional story. 
D)  epic poem modeled on Arthurian texts. 
E)  devastating critique of contemporary culture.

Question 6

Ferdinand and Isabella's decision to sponsor Columbus's voyage was spurred by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Columbus's impassioned plea for a patron made to the royal court. 
B)  a desire to counter successful Portuguese exploratory and commercial ventures. 
C)  a desire to counter successful English exploratory and commercial ventures. 
D)  a belief that Columbus could prove the world was round. 
E)  a belief that there was unknown territory to be discovered across the Atlantic.

Question 7

Ivan the Great gave further substance to the idea that Muscovy was the heir to Rome after the fall of Constantinople by:

Accepted Answer

A)  making Greek the official language of Muscovy. 
B)  adopting the use of the Roman phalanx in his army. 
C)  encouraging his subjects to adopt Roman Catholicism. 
D)  attacking Constantinople in an attempt to dislodge it from Ottoman control. 
E)  marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor.

Question 8

The infusion of silver into the European economy was ultimately disastrous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In their voyages along the west coast of Africa,the Portuguese were initially in search of:

Accepted Answer

A)  slaves and copper. 
B)  a sea route to India. 
C)  spices and gold. 
D)  gold and slaves. 
E)  silver and diamonds.

Question 10

Under Ferdinand and Isabella,the conversos (Jews who had converted to Christianity)had all the same privileges as those who had been born into Christian families.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Raphael's School of Athens is of interest in part because:

Accepted Answer

A)  many of Raphael's contemporaries are used as models for the various philosophers. 
B)  it is the first painting to make use of the newly discovered technique of single-point perspective. 
C)  it was the first painting to be completed in Italy using the new medium of oil. 
D)  it was the last painting of the Italian Renaissance done using the fresco technique. 
E)  Raphael utilized many of his apprentices to complete the work rather than work on it directly.

Question 12

How was the conquest of the Aztec Empire achieved?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How was the conquest of the Aztec...

Question 13

One important difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance that followed was the northern:

Accepted Answer

A)  reluctance to compose classical Latin prose in the style of Cicero. 
B)  appreciation for scholasticism and its central texts. 
C)  rejection of the church fathers as religious authorities. 
D)  interest in traditional Christian wisdom over classical virtues. 
E)  rejection of classicism in their approach to art.

Question 14

Castiglione's description of the "Renaissance man" as accomplished,witty,cultured,and stylish was:

Accepted Answer

A)  a rejection of the older Renaissance ideal of education in the classics for the purpose of creating virtuous citizens. 
B)  an acceptance of the older Renaissance ideal of education in the classics for the purpose of creating virtuous citizens. 
C)  impossible to achieve. 
D)  believed to apply to all individuals regardless of class. 
E)  made the basis for curriculum reforms in Italian lay schools.

Question 15

Beginning in the 1440s,design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

Accepted Answer

A)  use a larger rudder, allowing for more accurate navigation. 
B)  use square sails, promoting faster travel into the wind. 
C)  employ larger crews on smaller ships. 
D)  utilize oars in addition to sails. 
E)  sail with two masts and faster, triangular sails.

Question 16

The most lucrative export of the Spanish colonies in Central and South America was:

Accepted Answer

A)  indigenous slaves. 
B)  sugar. 
C)  rum. 
D)  silver. 
E)  gold.

Question 17

Sculpture during the Renaissance broke with the recent past in that statuary:

Accepted Answer

A)  would now be created only to use as memorials for those who had died. 
B)  could now be used as a part of tombs to honor the dead. 
C)  would now be incorporated into the supporting columns of triumphal arches. 
D)  could now be used instead of columns at the front of buildings. 
E)  now became freestanding figures "in the round."

Question 18

In what ways did Erasmus embody the ideals of the Northern Renaissance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways did Erasmus embody the...

Question 19

The ars nova introduced _________ lyrics and music into the liturgy of the Mass during the Renaissance.

Accepted Answer

A)  French 
B)  Italian 
C)  Polyphonic 
D)  Monophonic 
E)  Homophonic

Question 20

Italian painters of the fifteenth century mastered:

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of acrylic paints. 
B)  the art of manuscript illumination. 
C)  pointillism. 
D)  the use of vanishing perspective to depict three dimensions. 
E)  the ability to create stained-glass effects using paint on canvas.

Exam 12: Innovation and Exploration 1453-1533

In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color) until:

Leonardo da Vinci considered artists to be skilled craftsmen.

In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci represent the ideal "Renaissance man"?

European colonists on Hispaniola turned to cattle raising and sugar production because there was no gold to be found in the mines.

Thomas More's Utopia was a(n) :

Ferdinand and Isabella's decision to sponsor Columbus's voyage was spurred by:

Ivan the Great gave further substance to the idea that Muscovy was the heir to Rome after the fall of Constantinople by:

The infusion of silver into the European economy was ultimately disastrous.

In their voyages along the west coast of Africa,the Portuguese were initially in search of:

Under Ferdinand and Isabella,the conversos (Jews who had converted to Christianity)had all the same privileges as those who had been born into Christian families.

Raphael's School of Athens is of interest in part because:

How was the conquest of the Aztec Empire achieved?

One important difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance that followed was the northern:

Castiglione's description of the "Renaissance man" as accomplished,witty,cultured,and stylish was:

Beginning in the 1440s,design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

The most lucrative export of the Spanish colonies in Central and South America was:

Sculpture during the Renaissance broke with the recent past in that statuary:

In what ways did Erasmus embody the ideals of the Northern Renaissance?

The ars nova introduced _________ lyrics and music into the liturgy of the Mass during the Renaissance.

Italian painters of the fifteenth century mastered: