Gravitational Lensing of Distant Objects by Closer Galaxies Indicates That

Multiple Choice

Gravitational lensing of distant objects by closer galaxies indicates that the

A) amount of visible matter in the galaxies accounts for only 10% of the total mass producing the lensing.
B) amount of visible matter in the galaxy is about 10 times too great to account for the observed lensing, leading to the idea of negative gravitation within such large-scale structures.
C) amount of visible matter in the galaxies is sufficient to account for the gravitational lensing.
D) total mass within the galaxies that produces the lensing exceeds the amount of visible matter by a factor of 100.