Which of the Following Would Be an Appropriate Interpretation of a P-Value

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be an appropriate interpretation of a p-value?

A) A p-value of p < 0.0001 is 'highly significant' and therefore much more valid than a p value of 0.05.
B) When a null hypothesis is rejected at some predetermined p level, sampling error is an unlikely explanation of the results, given that the null hypothesis is true.
C) When a p-value shows significance, managerial and practical significance can be assumed.
D) The probability that the research hypothesis is true is equal to 1 minus the p-value.
E) A p-value represents the probability that the results occurred because of sampling error.