Male Pipefish Have a Brood Pouch in Which They Carry

Multiple Choice

Male pipefish have a brood pouch in which they carry and protect developing embryos. The gene patristacin plays a major role in the formation and function of the pouch. An evolutionary analysis revealed that patristacin is involved in liver and kidney function in all other fish (other male fish do not produce a brood pouch) . This is an example of

A) gene recruitment.
B) irreducible complexity.
C) gene duplication.
D) antagonistic pleiotropy.