You are using maximum parsimony to determine the relationships among six species (A, B, C, D, E, and F). You examine eight different traits for the six species and an outgroup. Below you will find the data matrix.

\begin{array}{ccccccc} &&&&\text { Trait }\\\hline \text { Species }& 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\\hline \text { A } & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\text { B } & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\\text { C } & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\text { D } & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\\text { E } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{array}

(a) Which traits are not useful for distinguishing relationships among species A, B, C, D, E, and F?
(b) Given below are two possible tree topologies for these species. Based on the principle of maximum parsimony, circle the tree that most likely represents the true relationships among these species. Please show your work (that is, map the traits with tick marks onto each tree, and beside each tick mark give the number of the trait). Please include all traits, even those you determined were not useful in part (a). $You are using maximum parsimony to determine the relationships among six species (A, B, C, D, E, and F). You examine eight different traits for the six species and an outgroup. Below you will find the data matrix. \begin{array}{ccccccc} &&&&\text { Trait }\\ \hline \text { Species }& 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\ \hline \text { A } & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \text { B } & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\ \text { C } & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \text { D } & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ \text { E } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array} (a) Which traits are not useful for distinguishing relationships among species A, B, C, D, E, and F? (b) Given below are two possible tree topologies for these species. Based on the principle of maximum parsimony, circle the tree that most likely represents the true relationships among these species. Please show your work (that is, map the traits with tick marks onto each tree, and beside each tick mark give the number of the trait). Please include all traits, even those you determined were not useful in part (a).$

Considering the Logic of Phylogenetic Systematics, Which of the Following

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