The Research on Logical Reasoning Shows That the Confirmation Bias

Multiple Choice

The research on logical reasoning shows that the confirmation bias is especially likely to operate when the participants

A) are working on an ecologically valid task, rather than a task in the psychology laboratory.
B) use a diagram to solve the problem, rather than solving it "in their heads."
C) are working on a task that focuses on arbitrary stimuli, rather than on human interactions.
D) rely too heavily on bottom-up processes.