Chandler Advocated Strategy as Integration, a Perspective in Which

Multiple Choice

Chandler advocated strategy as integration, a perspective in which:

A) ​Intended strategy is always superseded by emergent strategy.
B) ​Strategy is neither solely about plan nor action, but integrates both.
C) ​Top-down planning integrates a "know yourself" philosophy.
D) ​Bottom-up planning and flexibility are avoided as part of strategic planning.