DrJohnston Has Calculated a Correlation Between the Number of Cigarettes

Multiple Choice

Dr.Johnston has calculated a correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per week and the age of his patients at the point of their first heart attack as r = -0.92.Dr.Johnston and his associates claim there apparently is no relationship between smoking and heart attacks.What error has Dr.Johnson made?

A) No error has been made; an r = -0.92 is so close to 0 that there is no relationship.
B) A correlation coefficient this close to -1 means there probably is a relationship, but we probably should do a significance test just to be sure.
C) Not everyone who smokes has a heart attack.
D) Dr.Johnston should know there are numerous factors involved when a person has a heart attack.